1920] Holm,—Antennaria alpina and A. carpathica 139 
carpathica almost so. "Thus we should naturally expect that both spe- 
cies would be indigenous to the greater part of the Rocky Mountain 
region, and it would indeed seem very unnatural, if neither of them 
had found its way to this continent, inasmuch as A. alpina is frequent 
in Greenland, and the other species has been reported from many sta- 
tions in Arctic Siberia. 
It is true that only the pistillate plant of A. alpina is common, and 
that the staminate plant, so far, has only been found a few times in 
Scandinavia, France and Alaska, but, on the other hand, it is well 
known that the pistillate plant through pathenogenesis produces fer- 
tile seeds in abundance!; the same being the case with several of the 
other species endemic to this country. It would thus, from a geo- 
graphic point of view, be most natural to expect that these two spe- 
cies do occur on this continent, and let us now examine the reason why 
they have been denied citizenship. 
By a careful examination of various collections the result has been, 
that both species exist in Canada as well as in the United States, and 
by comparing the statements of certain authors, who have excluded 
these species, it becomes evident that the literature has either been 
ignored or completely misunderstood. For instance, with regard to 
the staminate plant of A. alpina, Greene states that “true A. alpina is 
one of the few species of its genus in which the pappus-bristles are 
only more strongly barbellate at the apex without being clavellate- 
dilated” (l. c. p. 284). None of the Scandinavian authors, who had 
the opportunity to examine this extremely rare plant, has made any 
statement to that effect, and Lamarck & De Candolle (Flore Fran- 
caise) describe the pappus thus: "les poils sont filiformes et dentés 
dans les fleurs fertiles, et écrasés au sommet en massue applatie, dans 
les fleurs stériles.” 
Considering the vast distribution of these species, it must be ex- 
pected that they do not always exhibit the same external structure, 
but that they sometimes appear as varieties, more or less well marked. 
Moreover we must remember that species which depend on parthe- 
nogenesis, as our A. alpina, are known to be polymorphic. 
Let us then examine A. alpina as it occurs in Europe and Asia. In 
the typical plant the leaves are glabrous on the upper face, villous or 
QiKerner: Parthenogenesis einer angiospermen Pflanze (Sitzungsber. der Acad. der 
Wissensch. Wien. Math.-naturw. Cl. Vol. 74. 1876. p. 659). See also Juel, H. O.: Par- 
thenogenesis bei Antennaria alpina (L.) R. Br. (Bot. Centralbl. Vol. 74, No. 13. 1898. 
D. 1) 
