142 ~ Rhodora [AUGUST 
Am.) the plant is considered a variety: lanata of A. carpathica. Iam 
at a loss to understand how Greene could make any such statement, 
since the European authors, who were familiar with the plant, des- 
cribe the leaves as follows: Wahlenberg! says about the Swedish 
plant:" 8 foliis inferioribus lanceolatis, trinervibus subtus (supraque) 
lanuginosis;" Blytt? and Hartman? describe the leaves as white- or 
grayish-woolly on both faces; Koch‘ writes “foliis utrinque lanatis," 
and Trautvetter’ describes the variety Laestadiana; "foliis utrinque 
magis minusve albo-tomentosis." Finally Elias Fries (Nov. Fl. Suec. 
l. c.) demonstrates that A carpathica shows exactly the same varia. 
tion as A. alpina with regard to inflorescence and foliage. It may 
be mentioned at the same time, that A. carpathica is not enumerated 
by Ledebour in his Flora Rossica, but Trautvetter®, has recorded 
several stations for it in Russia and Siberia, “Zona artica Rossiae 
europaeae et Siberiae. ” 
Having examined a number of specimens of A. lanata Greene I find 
it impossible to distinguish them from 4. carpathica, but they all be- 
long to the var. lanata Hook., and this variety occurs, furthermore, 
in Europe and Asia, as stated above. It is interesting to notice that 
a monocephalous state is known also in this species according to Gray 
(l. c. p. 232). Thus these two species, A. alpina and A. carpathica, 
are remarkably uniform in their modes of variation. With regard 
to the var. pulcherrima Hook. of the latter, this is a lowland plant, 
and seems quite different from A. carpathica vera; thus it is undoubt- 
edly correct to consider it a distinct species: A. pulcherrima Greene. 
Having studied the genus in the Arctic regions, in the Rocky Moun- 
tains of Colorado, in Maryland and Virginia the writer has reached the 
conclusion that the genus is very susceptible to the influence of en- 
vironment; the variation according to latitude resembles that of alti- 
tude in the mountains; with respect to the lowland species, specimens 
growing in the open, in fields, open thickets, etc., are sometimes quite 
distinct from those which inhabit the woods, as may be seen especially 
in A. arnoglossa Greene, A. fallax Greene, A. alsinoides Greene and 
A. neodioica Greene. 
CLINTON, MARYLAND. 
lFlora Suecica. Upsala 1826. p. 515. 
?Norges Flora. Christiania 1874. p. 575. 
3Skandinaviens Flora. Stockholm 1879. 11th ed. p. 13. 
‘Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helvetiae. Leipzig 1857. Vol. 1. p. 312. 
5 Flora terrae Tschuk. l. c. p. 24. 
$Incrementa Florae phaenogamae Rossicae. Vol. 2. Petropolis 1883. p. 412. 
