178 Rhodora [NOVEMBER 
Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1039 (1759), Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 627 (1762), not L. 
Herb. C. viscosum L. Herb.; Sm. Fl. Brit. 497 (1800), not L. Sp. Pl. 
i. 437 (1753). C. caespitosum Gilib. Fl. Lith. v. 159 (1781). C. triviale 
Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 433 (1821).—Our plants all belong to 
Var. HIRSUTUM Fries. Inflorescence hirsute with glandless hairs. 
—Nov. Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 125 (1828). C. triviale x. hirsutum Neilreich, 
Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 798 (1859). C. triviale, var. a. genuina. Syme, 
Engl. Bot. ii. 83 (1873). C. vulgatum, a. typicum Beck. Fl. Nied.- 
Oesterr. i. 367 (1890). C. caespitosum, var. hirsutum (Fries) Briq. 
Prod. Fl. Corse, i. 506 (1910).—An abundantly naturalized weed of 
roadsides, fields, cultivated grounds, and banks of streams, in all 
inhabited regions of temperate North America, flowering from early 
spring to late autumn (and exceptionally throughout winter). 
Var. HIRSUTUM, forma GLANDULOSUM (Boenn.) Druce. Inflores- 
cence with gland-tipped hairs.—Druce in Moss, Camb. Brit. Fl. iii. 
50 (1920). C. viscosum, B. glandulosum Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. 
133 (1824). C. triviale, var. viscosa Mert. & Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. 
Fl. ed. 3, iii. 336 (1831). C. triviale, y. glandulosum (Boenn.) Reich- 
enb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 796 (1832). C. vulgatum, c. glandulosum 
(Boenn.) Grenier, Mém. Soc. Emul. Doubs, i. 39 (1841). C. glandu- 
losum (Boenn.) Schur, Oest. Bot. Zeit. xix 306 (1869). C. caespi- 
tosum, B. glandulosum (Boenn.) Wirtg. Fl. Preuss. Rheinl. 315 
(1870). C. vulgare, subsp. triviale, forma glandulosum | (Boenn.) 
Murbeck, Bot. Notiser (1898) 253.—Apparently local in North 
America. The following specimens belong here. MASSACHUSETTS: 
Provincetown, June 10, 1912, F. S. Collins. MauicniGAN: Turin, 
Marquette Co., May 31, 1901, Barlow. ILtINoIs: Urbana, May 27, 
1899, Gleason. British CorvMnBra: Revelstoke and Downie Creek, 
July, August, 1905, C. H. Shaw, nos. 846 and 1118. 
In recent years many continental European writers have aban- 
doned the names C. vulgatum L. and C. viscosum L. as hopelessly 
confusing and have adopted in their stead later and professedly 
clear names on the ground that the Linnean names are “sources of 
permanent error and confusion." "The Linnean names, however, 
have long been used in America as well as in Great Britain and Austria 
with complete definiteness, and in conformity with one of the leading 
principles (Art. 5)of the International Rules (* When the consequences 
of rules are doubtful, established custom becomes law"), they may 
properly be maintained. 
9. C. ARVENSE L. Matted or tufted perennial, with depressed or 
trailing tough basal branches bearing marcescent leaves and abun- 
dant axillary fascicles or leafy tufts: flowering branches ascending, 
simple to freely branched, 0.2-6 dm. high; glabrous to densely villous, 
glandless to densely glandular: leaves linear-subulate to narrowly 
