1921] Wiegand, — Echinochloa in North America 55 



4. E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 5.3 (1812). Panicum crus- 

 galli L. Sp. PL, ed. i. 83 (1753). P. crusgalli, <x brevisetum Doll, 

 Fl. Baden, i. 232 (1857). — Introduced by roadsides and in waste 

 places through the eastern United States and Canada, and sparingly 

 westward; native of Europe. A few of the specimens examined 

 were: Prince Edward Island: Southport, 1912, Fcmald, Long & 

 St. John, no. 6,824. New Brunswick: Shediac Cape, 1916, F. T. 

 Hubbard, nos. 755 & 763 (type collection of forma vittata Hubbard). 

 Nova Scotia: Sable Island, 1913, //. St John, no. 1,131. Maine: 

 North Berwick, 1891 & 1894, J. C. Parlin. New Hampshire: 

 JafTrey, 1898, B. L. Robinson, no. 566. Vermont: Manchester, 

 1898, M. A. Day, no. 272. Rhode Island: Old Harbor, Block 

 Island, 1913, Fernald, Long & Torrey, no. 8,664. Connecticut: 

 Southington, 1898, L. Andrews, no. 622. New York: Canton, 

 1914, 0. P. Phelps, no. 175; Cayuga Lake Basin, E. L. Palmer, no. 93, 

 F. P. Metcalf, no. 5,567, A. J. Karnes, no. 9,171, Eames & Wiegand, 

 no. 11,255. Ontario: Ottawa, 1894, J. Macoun; Plevna, 1902, 

 J. Fowler. Iowa: Iowa City, 1889, A. S. Hitchcock; Ames, C. R. 

 Ball, ho. 146. Idaho: Boise, 1911, J. A. Clark, no. 308. Cali- 

 fornia: Redding, 1914, L. E. Smith, no. 745. Oregon: John Day 

 Ferry, 1894, J. B. Leiberg, no. 872. 



Forma longiseta (Trin.) Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. xxi. 

 349 (1919). Panicum cruris-galli, var. longisetum Trin. Sp. Gramin. 

 ii. t. 162 (1829). E. crusgalli, var. aristata S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. 

 Brit. PL ii. 158 (1821). — Scattered throughout the range of the 

 species and in similar situations, but perhaps proportionally more 

 frequent westward; introduced from Europe. Some specimens stud- 

 ied were: Maine: East Livermore, 1878, K. Furbish. New Hamp- 

 shire: Haverhill, 1917, M. 7^. Fernald, no. 15,499, transitional. 

 Massachusetts: Arlington, 1913, Jjong & St. John, no. 8,665; 

 Kelly's Pond, Dennis, 1918, Fernald & Long, no. 16,180. New 

 York: western New York, 1830-33, A. Gray, transitional; Cayuga 

 Lake Basin, E. L. Palmer, no. 94, F. P. Metcalf, nos. 1,570 & 5^568, 

 Eames & Wiegand, nos. 11,258, 11,259 & 11,260, Eames, Randolph & 

 Wiegand, no. 11,257. Ontario: Toronto, 1905, Wm. Scott. Ne- 

 braska: Ewing, 1898, J. M. Bates. Nevada: Wadsworth, 1902, 

 Griffiths & Hunter, no. 549. Oregon: Salem, 1917, J. C. Nelson, 

 no. 1,811. Bermuda Islands: Devonshire Marsh, 1914, Brown, 

 Britton & Bisset, no. 1,961. 



In the first edition of the Species Plantarum Linnaeus published 

 Panicum crusgalli, giving as a description: "spicis alternis conju- 

 gatisque, spiculis subdivisis, glumis aristatis hispidis. Habitat in 

 Europae, Yirginiae cultis. Variat aristis, in aliis longitudine glu- 

 marum, in aliis decies longioribus." He also proposed a var. j8, 

 giving the following quotation from Bauhin (Pinax 8) as the sole 

 description: "gramen paniceum, spica divisa, aristis longis armata." 



