1921] Wiegand, — Echinochloa in North America 57 



in the original account. There is no good reason for considering the 

 var. £ of Linnaeus as other than the long-awned form of Europe. 



This long-awned form of Europe, which Linnaeus noted but did 

 not name and which is now introduced widely in North America, 

 was first named Echinochloa crusgalli var. aristata by S. F. Gray 

 and later Panicum crusgalli var. longisetum by Trinius, but the latter 

 name was used by Farwell, who was the first to treat the plant as a 

 form. Trinius' variety was founded on both American and Cau- 

 casian material, but the latter only was figured. He said that it 

 differed from Panicum crusgalli solely in the elongated awns, and 

 the figure would seem to bear this out. His plant was certainly 

 not the P. echinatum Willd. as some authors have stated. Whether 

 Pursh's Panicum crusgalli a aristatum (Fl. Am. Sept. 06, 1814) is 

 this form or E. muricata it is impossible to say. A variegated form 

 of E. crusgalli has been described by F. T. Hubbard as forma vittata 

 (Rhodora xviii. 232, 1916). 



5. E. muricata (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora xvii. 106 (1915). 

 Panicum muricatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 47 (1803). E. crusgalli 

 var. muricata Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. xxi. 350 (1919). Illus- 

 tration: Hitchcock, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxii. pt. 3, fig. 30 (1920). 

 Native in low grounds, mostly on gravelly or sandy shores; Maine 

 to Florida and westward to Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma and New 

 Mexico. The following are among the specimens examined: Maine: 

 Woolwich, 1916, Fernald & Long, no. 12,565; Limington, 1916, Fer- 

 nald, Long & Norton, no. 12,564. New Hampshire: Derry, 1916, 

 C. F. Batchcldcr. Massachusetts: Gloucester, 1913, Fernald, 

 Hunncwcll & Long, no. 8,672; Lakeville, 1913, Fernald & Long, 

 no. 8,668; Orleans, 1918, Fernald & Weatherby, no. 16,177. Rhode 

 Island: Great Salt Pond, Block Island, 1913, Fernald, Long & 

 Torrey, no. 8,674; Crescent Beach, Block Island, 1913, Fernald & 

 Long, no. 8,667. Connecticut: Berlin, 1900, J. X. Bishop. New 

 York: Staten Island, 1917, A. Gershoy, no. 761; Cayuga Lake 

 Basin, Eames & Wiegand, no. 11,270, Wiegand, no. 11,271, E. L. 

 Palmer, nos. 95 & 96, F. P. Metcalf, nos. 1,571 & 5,569. New Jer- 

 sey: Atlantic County, 1895, F. L. Scribner. District of Columbia: 

 B. & O. R. R. tracks, 1904, A. II . Moore. Maryland: Great Falls, 

 1915, T. Holm. West Virginia: Sweet Springs, 1903, E. S. & 

 Mrs. Steele, no. 210; near Harman, 1904, J. M. Grccnman, no. 52; 

 Huttonsville, 1904, A. II. Moore, no. 2,456. North Carolina: 

 Biltmore, 1897, Biltmore Herb., no. 809a. Georgia: Lafayette, 

 1900, R. M. Harper, no. 343. Florida: Apalachicola, Biltmore 

 Herb., no. 809b. Illinois: White Heath, 1912, A. S. Pease, no. 

 14,090; Makanda, 1902, H. A. Gleason, no. 2,170. Missouri: White- 



