1921] Fernald, — Expedition to Nova Scotia 95 



guard had conscientously weeded the wharves and roadsides of 

 Yarmouth, so that we should not later have them much on our 

 minds: Alopecurus geniculatus and Myosotis scorpioidcs in the ditches; 

 Rumex Acetosa, with its tall red wands, picturesque in the fields; 

 Achillea Millefolium, mostly with deep rose-colored rays, common 

 by roadsides; numerous garden-escapes, — Convallaria majalis, Salix 

 purpurea in great abundance, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., the ubiqui- 

 tous hawthorn of hedges, Iris Pseudacorus well established by many 

 pools, Lysimachia punctata and Veronica longifolia in numerous 

 thickets, and, it would seem, almost every hardy garden perennial, 

 here luxuriating in the foggy and misty atmosphere and spreading 

 freely to the roadsides; and, in rubbish, such unusual plants as 

 Vicia angustifolia Reichard, var. uncinata (Desv.) Rouy & Foucaud, 

 which Wiegand and I had found on the Maine side of the Bay of 

 Fundy,' and a dwarf variety of Trifolium pratense, with low stems 

 (1-2 dm. high) and very small leaves with rounded obovate leaflets 

 only 0.5-1.5 cm. long, a plant which J. F. Collins, Pease and I had 

 found naturalized at various points near the tip of the Gaspe Penin- 

 sula in 1904 and which seems to be referable to the European var. 

 frigid fun Gaud. 2 



In more natural habitats they had been getting, on springy and 

 peaty slopes, many good things: Carex panicea and C. leporina, both 

 rare species in North America, and Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh., 

 the characteristic Heath Grass of peaty soils of western Europe, also 

 common on boggy slopes in eastern Newfoundland, 3 but not generally 

 recognized as occurring on the American continent. Here, as else- 

 where in Yarmouth County, it was invariably in half -natural habitats 

 where it might be indigenous, but always too near civilization and 

 pastures for us yet to feel confident that it is native. It is a neat 

 grass, forming dense tussucks, with slender, wiry culms, and in- 

 florescences which superficially so suggest Dantkonia as to explain 

 why Linnaeus plaeed this plant in that genus. The open places 

 were bright with three or four species of Sisyrinchium: the common 

 northern S. angustifolium and, quite as common if not more general, 

 the two southern species, S. gramineum and S. atlanticum. The 



1 See Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora, xii. 140 (1910). 



2 T. pratense L., var. frigidum Gaud. Fl. Helvet. iv. 582 (1829). T nivale Sieb. 

 Herb. Fl. Austr. no. 236, ace. to Koch. T. pratense, '{ nivale (Sieber) Koch, Syn. 

 Fl. Germ. 168 (1835). 



•See Fernald, Am. Journ. Bot. v. 229, fig. 13, and 243 (1918). 



