1921] Fernald — Expedition to Nova Scotia 157 



that Mrs. Graves wrote home that they had been there for a week 

 but had not seen Yarmouth yet. Nevertheless, in spite of this heavy 

 blanket of fog and the naturally late spring, green corn was maturing 

 in Yarn outh gardens; sueli summer-flowering plants as Xyris carol- 

 iniana, llabenaria blephuri glottis and //. psycodes, Bartonia virginica 

 and Crayola aurea were as early as in southern New Jersey; and such 

 autumn- flowering plants of New Jersey as Sjnranthcs ccrnua, C ketone 

 glabra, fiolidago puberula, S. sempervircns, S. rugosa, S. Elliottii, S. 

 uniligulata and S. graminifolia, Gnaphalium obtusifolium, Cirsium 

 muticum and Prenanihes trifoliolata, in southern Nova Scotia begin 

 flowering in midsummer, often a full month earlier 1 than in southern 

 New Jersey. Another peculiarity of this region of Nova Seotia, one 

 which we were tempted to attribute to the dense and protracted fogs, 

 was the almost complete lack of mosquitoes. We had been most 

 happily surprised to find that we could go anywhere on these boggy 

 barrens without meeting this much-to-be-expected tenant. But in 

 explanation some one suggested during the summer, that in such a 

 dense atmosphere mosquitoes, if they there exist, must remain in 

 the larval stage, wings being quite useless to them! 



The Tusket party brought in a very extreme plant of the Carex 

 Goodenowii affinity, only in this plant the perigynia have long, slender 

 stipes. This proves to be C. Goodenowii, var. strict if orviis (Bailey) 

 K liken 1 1. an endemic American variation which, in its extreme de- 

 velopment, is very definite. And, to my delight, they had typical 

 Ranunculus Flammula, the handsome subaquatic plant of Europe 

 which I had known in eastern Newfoundland, now for the first time 

 collected on the mainland of eastern North America. At Tusket it 



1 Our cs-rliest flowering specimens from Nova Scotia and the earliest date of flower- 

 ing in southern New Jersey (copied from Stone's Plants of Southern New Jersey) 

 are given below. 



Nova Scotia Southern New Jersey 



Spibanthes cernita August 31 early September 



Chelone glabra August 4 late August 



Solidago puberula July 21 early September 



Solidago sempervirens August 10 early September 



Solidago kugosa August 10 late August 



Solidago Elliottii August 13 early September 



Solidago uniligulaia July 20 early September 



Solidaoo graminifolia August 9 late August. 



Gnaphai. dm obtusifouiim August 7 late August 



Cirsium muticum July 13 mid-August 



Prenant ies trifoliolata August 10 late August 



