1D21] Fernald, — Expedition to Nova Scotia 275 



mixed woods, Hectanooga. Yakmouth Co.: wet tliiekets and 

 woods, Yarmouth. 



V. septentrionalis Greene. Common throughout the province. 



V. fimbriatula Sm. Dry open soil, Yarmouth Co. to Annapolis 

 and Halifax Cos. See p. 138. 



V. PWMULIFOLIA L. Damp sand, gravel and peat, Yarmouth 

 and Shelburne Cos. See p. 150. 



V. incognita Brainerd. Common in wet woods and tliiekets. 



V. incognita, var. Forbesii Brainerd, Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. xxxviii. 

 8 (1911). Common, usually in drier or upland woods. 



V. RENIFOLIA, var. Brainerdii (Greene) Fernald, Rhodora, xiv. 

 88 (1912). Rich or calcareous woods from Annapolis Co. to Cape 

 Breton. 



V. eriocarpa Schwein., var. leiocarpa Fernald & Wiegand, n. 

 var., ovariis capsulisque glabris. 



Ovaries and capsules glabrous. — Eastern Quebec to Minnesota, 

 south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri and Kansas. Type: 

 Breezy Point, Warren, New Hampshire, July 21, 1907, E. F. Wil- 

 liams in Gray Herb. 



In Brit ton & Brown's Illustrated Flora, ed. 2, ii. 559, Brainerd 

 takes up the name Viola eriocarpa Schwein. as the earliest specific 

 name for the plant he had formerly called V. scabriuscula Schwein. 

 and describes it as having "capsule ovoid, woolly or sometimes 

 glabrous." This description of the fruit is certainly in accord with 

 the specific name but it is doubtful if most botanists of the northern- 

 most states and adjacent Canada would recognize it as applying to 

 the common yellow violet of rich woods, which they have been ac- 

 customed to call V. scabriuscula. In the Maritime Provinces, Que- 

 bec, New England and New York the authors have never seen V. 

 eriocarpa except with glabrous ovary and capsule; but a single speci- 

 men in the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club from Hart- 

 ford County, Connecticut (Tariffville, Window & Hill) shows that 

 the plant with woolly capsule rarely occurs in the Northeast. We 

 have examined 154 sheets of the species in which the ovary or cap- 

 sule is displayed. In 12 sheets (1 from Connecticut, 2 from the same 

 station in Maryland, 1 from southern Ontario, 2 from Indiana, 1 

 from Blinois, 1 from Minnesota, 1 from Kansas, and 3 from Okla- 

 homa) the ovary or capsule is woolly; in 2 sheets (1 from Indiana, 

 1 froln Wisconsin) some plants have woolly, some glabrous capsules; 

 while 140 sheets (6 from Quebec-, 2 from New Brunswick, 1 from 

 Nova Scotia, 24 from Maine, 21 from New Hampshire, 14 from Ver- 

 mont, 27 from Massachusetts, 1 from Rhode Island, 8 from Con- 



