1921] Fernald, — Expedition to Nova Scotia 299 



Senccio sylvaticus L. Thoroughly naturalized, possibly indigenous. 



One of the characteristic plants of recently burned clearings, bor- 

 ders of woods, or gravelly or rocky shores. Sometimes occurring as 

 a railroad weed but more often found in semi-natural habitats, as 

 on the coast of Maine (see Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora, xii. 106). 



Senecio pauperculus Michx., var. Balsamitae (Muhl.), n. comb. 

 S. Balsamitae Muhl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1998 (1804). S. aureus, 

 e. Balsamitae (Muhl.) T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii. 442 (1843), at least as to 

 name-bringing synonym. S. obovatus, var. umbratilis Greenm. 

 Monogr. Senecio. Teil 1: 24 (1901), in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxii. 20 

 (1902) and Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. iii. 115 (1910), at least as to type 

 specimen. S. gaspensis Greenm. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. iii. 138 

 (1910). 



Typical Senecio pauperculus, as shown by Michaux's type specimen 

 and by a photograph of it secured by the writer in 1903, is the north- 

 ern extreme of the plant with basal leaves 0.3-1 cm. broad; the 

 lower and median cauline very slender, mostly 1-6 mm. wide; the 

 upper very reduced, linear or subulate and mostly entire. This 

 plant is abundant in Labrador and Newfoundland, thence to British 

 Columbia where it passes as S. flavovirens Rydb. (such plants as 

 Lyall, Lower Frazer River, and ,/. M. Macoun, no. 69,356 from Sim- 

 ilkameen River, specimens cited by Greenman as S. flavovirens) . 

 Greenman distinguishes the two as follows: 



"Eastern species 69. S. pauperculus. 



Western species 70. jSf. flavovirens" 



but without any morphological characters the two are not satisfac- 

 torily separated. 



In its typical form S. pauperculus occasionally extends southward 

 to northern Maine and northern Michigan, but southward it is 

 chiefly represented by var. Balsamitae, in which the basal leaves 

 are larger, mostly 0.8-3 cm. broad; the lower and median cauline 

 larger, the largest 0.6-2.5 cm. broad; and the upper mostly well 

 developed and pinnatifld. 



We saw var. Balsamitae in Nova Scotia on the faces and talus of 

 gypsum-cliffs at Five-mile River (Hants) and at Port Bevis (Vic- 

 toria). 



* Arctium nemorostun Lejeune; Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora, 

 xii. 45 (1910). Waste ground, Digby and Weymouth. 



** Centaurea nigrescens Willd. Annapolis Co.: roadsides and 

 borders of fields, Middleton, growing with the common C. nigra. 



** Arnoseris. minima (L.) Dumort. A. pusilla Gaertn. Yarmouth 



