42 CHIROPTERA. 
the nose-leaf is well developed, and the lower lip has a triangular naked space bounded 
by two converging lines of small warts. The tail is much shorter than the largely- 
developed interfemoral membrane; the first phalanx of the little finger is greatly 
inferior in length to half the metacarpal; and two premolars only are present on each 
side of the lower jaw. Several species are described from various parts of South 
America, as Ph. discolor, Natt., Ph. elongatum, Geoffr., &c. ; but only one, Ph. hastatum, 
has been recorded from our subregion. It may be distinguished by having the nose- 
leaf shorter than the foot, which, again, is shorter than the calcaneum, as well as by its 
large size (forearm 3'-20) and the uniform brown colour of its fur. 
Closely allied to Phyllostoma is Mimon, Gray*, with only two lower incisors and 
two warts on the lower lip instead of a triangular space. I notice it here because 
M. De Saussure’s Vampyrus auricularis (identified by Professor Peters with Gray’s 
Mimon bennetti +) is described in that author’s memoir “ Sur quelques Mammiféres du 
Mexique,” although he expressly states that his type was sent from Brazil~; and 
Mr. Dobson appears to have been thus misled into adding “‘ Mexico” to the recorded 
habitat of I. bennetti 9. 
1. Phyllostoma hastatum. 
Vespertilio hastatus, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. iii. p. 7 (1767, ex Buffon)’. 
Phyllostoma hastatum, Et. Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. xv. p. 117, pl. lxxi.?; Peters, Monatsb. Ak. 
Berl. 1865, p. 515°; Dobson, Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus. p. 484, pl. xxv. fig. 3°. } 
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. Berol.).—Prru*; Guiana*; Braziu‘. 
Next to Vampyrus spectrum this is the largest of the American Bats, having some- 
times an expanse of wing of nearly twenty-three inches, and it has shared with that 
species the accusation of being a blood-sucker. ‘This accusation in the present case 
has been made by such eminent authorities as Prince Maximilian and Mr. A. R. 
Wallace ; but their evidence does not appear to be satisfactory, as will be seen when 
we come to treat of Desmodus rufus. 
The range of this species, as at present known to us, does not seem to extend much 
further north than’ Panama, from which State there is an example in the Berlin 
Museum ; for Mr. Dobson has pointed out to me that the individual from Nicaragua, 
recorded by Gray in the ‘ Voyage of the Sulphur,’ is really an example of Vampyrus 
spectrum ||. 
8. CAROLLIA. 
Carolia, Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot. ii. p. 488 (1888). 
Hemiderma, Gervais, Expéd. de Castelnau, Mamm. p. 48 (1855). 
* P. Z.8. 1847, p. 14. t+ Monatsb. Ak. Berl. 1869, p. 396. 
t Rev. et Mag. de Zool. xii. p. 487. § Cat, Chir. Brit. Mus. p. 492. | Cf. supra, p. 39. 
