TURDUS. 13 
of Arctic Ocean from Labrador to Kodiak 5.—Cosra Rica, San José (v. Frantzius*) ; 
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé*).—CuBa®; Eastern Asia in the north of 
Kamtschatka. 
Concerning the true status of Turdus alicie much controversy has taken place amongst 
ornithologists of the United States. Prof. Baird was the first to distinguish it from 
T. swainsoni!; and its specific distinctness is upheld in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway’s 
work®. Mr. J. A. Allen has considered it to be undistinguishable as a species from 
TL’. swainsont, whilst Dr. Coues, in his most recent work’, places it as an imperfectly 
segregated race of 7’. swainsoni, and ranks it in the same category with 7. ustulatus. 
These naturalists have all had many times over the amount of materials at their disposal 
for arriving at their conclusions than we have; so that we do not feel in a position to 
give a decided opinion on so delicate a point; but the skins before us, so far as they go, 
conform to the differences pointed out by the original describer, and we have no diffi- 
culty in assigning our single Central-American specimen to its right position. 
This skin, from the Volcan de Chiriqui, and another from Costa Rica are all that 
have hitherto been obtained in Central America; so that that country can hardly be 
looked upon as the usual winter quarters of the race. What becomes of the birds at 
this season, which in summer swarm on the shores of the Arctic Ocean to breed, is a 
matter that is not yet known. T°. aliciv is stated to have once visited Cuba®; and it 
is said to be found on the mainland of South America; but on the latter point we have 
no evidence of our own to bring forward. A full history of 7. aliciw is given in Baird, 
Brewer, and Ridgway’s work. 
c. Cauda rufescente, dorso haud concolori. 
6. Turdus pallasi. 
Turdus pallasi, Cab. Arch. f. Naturg. xiii. p. 2051; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 272°; Baird, Rev. 
Am. B. p. 14°; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B. i. p. 18%. 
Turdus (Hylocichla) pallasi, Coues, B. Col. Vall. i. p. 20°. 
Supra brunnescenti-fuscus, uropygio et cauda rufescentibus ; subtus albus, linea rictali et maculis pectoralibus 
distinctis fusco-nigris ; rostro corylino, mandibule basi flavo, pedibus flavis. Long. tota 6:3, ale 3-5, 
caudee 2°65, rostri a rictu °8, tarsi 1-2. (Descr. exempl. ex Coban, Guatemala. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. N. America, Eastern States 4-—Guatema.a, Coban (0. 8.2). 
The true Zurdus pallasi, the small Rufous-tailed Thrush of the eastern States, can, 
so far as we know at present, only claim a place in the Central-American fauna from 
the fact of a specimen of it having been obtained near Coban, Vera Paz, in November 
1859. This agrees accurately with examples from the vicinity of Washington with 
which we have compared it. It is decidedly smaller than the resident Mexican and 
Rocky-Mountain race 7’. auduboni, but larger than the western race usually calledZ’. nanus. 
