 TURDUS. . 21 
highlands in the winter months, but where a considerable number remain to breed. 
In this respect the habits of the species are much the same as in the United States, a 
few birds being found nearly everywhere throughout the year. Prof. Sumichrast? con- 
siders 7. migratorius to be a resident species in the alpine region of the State of 
Vera Cruz in Mexico, having found its young in July in numbers in the mountains of 
Orizaba at an elevation of about 8000 feet. It is one of the most abundant of the 
Thrushes, he says, in the alpine region, where it especially frequents the clearings and 
natural openings in the forests of pines, which it animates with its lively manners and the 
sweetness of its notes. Prof. Sumichrast only knew of a single instance of its occurrence 
near the city of Orizaba. The breeding of Zurdus migratorius in Mexico is also confirmed 
by a skin of a bird in the first (spotted) plumage in our possession, which originally formed 
part of Mr. G. H. White’s collection made in the vicinity of the city of Mexico itself , 
where also adults were obtained by Mr. le Strange. 
The presence of Zurdus miyratorius in Guatemala is only known from a single skin 
having been obtained near Coban in January 1860". The occurrence of the species 
beyond Mexico must therefore be considered to be accidental. 
A large flock of 7. mitgratorius appeared in Cuba in 1860; so Dr. Gundlach tells us; 
but since then none have come under his notice. It has not yet been observed in any 
other of the West-India Islands. 
13. Turdus flavirostris. (Tab. III. fig. 1.) 
Merula flavirostris, Sw. Phil. Mag. new ser. i. p. 369°. 
Turdus flavirostris, Scl. P.Z.S. 1859, p. 382°; Baird, Rev. Am. B. p. 31°; Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 
1870, p. 550°; Grayson, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 276°; Lawr. Mem. Bot. Soc. N. H. ii. 
p. 266°; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 11”. 
Turdus rufopalliatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 259°. 
Turdus palliatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 272°. 
Pileo, capitis lateribus, collo postico, alis extus et uropygio schistaceis; dorso medio et alarum tectricibus 
oleagineo-rufis ; subtus albus, pectore subalaribus et hypochondriis lete castaneis, gutture toto nigro 
distincte striolato; rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 9°3, alee 5:0, caude 4:2, rostri a rictu 1-0, tarsi 
1-2. (Descr. fem. ex Plains of Colima, Mexico. Smiths. Inst. no. 30137. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Mexico, Temascaltepec (Bullock +), Mazatlan, Tepic, Tres Marias Islands, Bendaras 
Bay (Grayson®), Colima (Xantus, Grayson®), San Juan del Rio (Lébouch +), Tehuan- 
tepec (Xantus, Grayson, Sumichrast*). 
This species was first described by Swainson, in 1827, from a specimen sent from 
Mexico by Bullock 1, and said to have been obtained in the tablelands. This, how- 
ever, is perhaps incorrect; for subsequent investigation tends to show that Turdus 
Jiavirostris is only found in the western parts of Mexico bordering the Pacific Ocean 
from Mazatlan to Tehuantepec. Here it has been met with by all the collectors 
who have visited that part of the country—Grayson, Xantus, and Sumichrast, and 
