PARULA.—DENDRECA. 123 
6. Parula gutturalis. (Tab. VIII. fig. 3.) 
Compsothlypis gutturalis, Cab. J. f. Orn. 1860, p. 329%. 
Parula gutturalis, Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 1722; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 93°; v. Frantzius, 
J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 292*; Salv. P.Z. S. 1870, p. 182°. 
Supra cinerea, capitis lateribus paulo obscurioribus, dorso medio nigerrimo; subtus gula et pectore aureo-flavis, 
ventre albido-cinereo, hypochondriis pure cinereis: rostro nigro, pedibus plumbeis. Long. tota 4:8, ale 2°5, 
caudee 1-9, rostri a rictu 0°55, tarsi 0°7. (Descr. maris ex Chiriqui, Panama. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Costa Rica, Volcan de Ivazu (v. Frantzius14, J. Cooper, Rogers), Rancho 
Redondo (J. Carmiol); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé 6). 
This pretty species was first discovered in the volcano of Irazu by Dr. von Frantzius, 
who sent to the Berlin Museum the single specimen which formed the type of 
Dr. Cabanis’s description. This specimen seems to have been a female bird, or one in 
immature plumage, as its describer speaks of the back being faintly spotted with black, 
an indication only of the peculiar conspicuous black crescentic spot which is so marked 
a feature in the adult bird. 
The species does not appear to be at all a common one, its range being restricted to 
the higher mountains of Costa Rica and the adjoining volcano of Chiriqui. Here it 
probably seldom descends below an elevation of 6000 feet, the height at which Dr. von 
Frantzius found it*. It has no near allies, but comes next, perhaps, to P. superciliosa of 
Mexico and Guatemala. 
Our figure is taken from a specimen in our collection from Chiriqui. 
DENDRCCA. 
Dendroica, G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. App. p. 8 (1842) (type Motacilla coronata, Linn.) ; Baird, 
Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B.i. p, 215. 
This genus contains more species than any other of the family, some six and twenty 
being now included in it; of these, twenty-two are recognized inhabitants of the United 
States, all but six of which pass the winter months within our border. In addition 
to these we find two, D. vieillott: and D. decora, which probably reside throughout the 
year, making a total of eighteen belonging to Central America and Mexico at one time 
of the year or another. 
The members of Dendreca vary much in colour, which, however, serves to group the 
species into more or less natural sections. Some of the leading characters which are 
used to define the genus as a whole are :—the more or less depressed bill, which is less 
acute than in Helmintherus, Helminthophaga, and Parula, and notched near the tip.; 
the rictal bristles are fairly developed; the middle toe is short as compared with the 
tarsus ; the wings much longer than the tail, the first and second primaries being the 
longest ; the tail is nearly even, and always blotched with yellow or white. 
The groups into which the genus has been divided in the * History of North-American 
16* 
