182 MNIOTILTID A. 
the same time of year, the difference of the colour of the breast is not perceptible, and 
the examination of a series of specimens shows some variability in the extent of the 
white of the tail-feathers. So no really tangible difference remains by which to distin- 
guish the two birds. Regarding the other synonyms given to this bird, Wagler’s name 
S. vulnerata", no doubt, applies to it ; for though Wagler says his is very near Swainson’s 
species, he does not say how they differ. Muscicapa larvata of Lichtenstein’, Setophaga 
castanea of Lesson !8, and Muscicapa derhami of Giraud" also apply, without doubt, to 
Setophaga miniata; but they all seem to have been proposed by their authors without 
any reference to the work of their predecessors, and doubtless in ignorance of their 
labours. Of S.flammea we have already spoken ; and, lastly, S. intermedia of Hartlaub 
was proposed for the Guatemalan bird, and, with S. flammea, must be placed as a 
synonym of S. miniata. 
Though stated by Giraud to occur within the United-States border, S. miniata has 
not since been found north of Mexican territory, though, like S. picta, it may still be 
discovered in Southern Arizona. Its most northern limit in Mexico is the Sierra Madre, 
near Mazatlan, where Grayson met with it, but where he says it is rare, only two or 
three individuals having come under his notice high upin the mountains. He describes 
its habits as resembling those of the Flycatchers, waiting quietly on its perch for passing 
insects. Prof. Sumichrast speaks of it as inhabiting the alpine and temperate regions 
of Vera Cruz, at altitudes ranging between 1600 and 8200 feet. In Guatemala we 
never met with it so low down, the neighbourhood of Coban, 4300 feet, being the lowest 
point where it occurs in abundance; but here it is a well-known bird. Above this, in 
all suitable woods, it is common up to 8000 feet in the vicinity of Quezaltenango in 
the Altos of Guatemala. 
Like S. picta it is a restless species, constantly searching for its food amongst the 
leaves and branches of the oak trees it frequents. In Guatemala it is probably a resi- 
dent species, as we observed it at nearly every season of the year. 
Of its nest and eggs nothing is yet known. 
4, Setophaga aurantiaca. 
Setophaga aurantiaca, Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 261* ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 9675 v. Frantzius, 
J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 294°; Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 313°; 1878, p. 310°; P. ZS. 1870, p. 183°. 
Setophaga flammea, Cab. J. f. Orn. 1861, p. 85" (nec Kaup). 
Supra schistacea ; fronte, capitis lateribus, gula tota et cauda nigricantibus ; plaga verticali castanea; abdomine 
toto aurantiaco-flavo, crisso albo; rectricis utrinque extime dimidio apicali albo, duabus quoque utrinque 
proximis albo terminatis ; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:3, ale 2-6, caude 2-5, rostri a rictu 0-6, 
tarsi 0-7. (Descr. maris ex San José, Costa Rica, Mus. nostr.) 
Av. horn. fusco-niger ; abdomine medio fulvescente. 
Hab. Costa Rica’, San José}, Barranca!, Grecia?, and Dota Mountains 1 2 (Carmiol), 
Candelaria Mountains (v. Frantzius?), Turrialba and Tucurriqui (Arcé); Panama, 
Volcan de Chiriqui, Calovevora (Arcé °). 
