SETOPHAGA. » 183 
Of the same style of coloration as S. miniata, from which it differs in having a yellow 
instead of a red abdomen, SS. awrantiaca has its nearest ally in S. verticalis, a species of 
wide range in the Andes from Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia. From this it chiefly 
differs in having the abdomen orange rather than lemon-yellow; and the outer rectrices 
of S. verticalis have the white of greater extent than in the more northern bird, which 
also has the dark markings of the head of a blacker hue. At one time we doubted 
there being two recognizable forms*; but having had a larger series for examination, we 
are now of opinion that the differences are constant, rendering the separation of the two 
justifiable. 
S. aurantiaca was described from specimens from Costa Rica 1, where it is a common 
bird in the highlands, extending its range as low as 3000 feet. It is also abundant in 
the higher mountains of the State of Panama, but is altogether absent from the low- 
lying lands crossed by the line of railway. Its range, therefore, is not conterminous with 
that of S. verticalis of South America, which, from all we hear of it, is also a bird of the 
higher mountain-ranges. 
S. aurantiaca is doubtless a sedentary species. It certainly breeds in the Volcano of 
Chiriqui, whence we have a young specimen in first plumage which could only have 
been barely able to fly when it was shot. 
b’. Corpus subtus omnino aureo-flavum. 
5. Setophaga torquata. (Tab. X. fig. 2.) 
Setophaga torquata, Baird, Rev. Am. B. i. p. 261*; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 967; Salv. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 136°; Ibis, 1878, p. 319°; v. Frantzius, J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 294°. 
Supra schistacea ; pileo undique, alis et cauda nigricantibus ; crista verticali castanea ; fronte, capitis lateribus 
et corpore subtus flavis, torque pectorali dorso concolori; rectrice utrinque externa pro majore parte alba, 
proxima dimidio apicali albo, tertia albo terminata; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5-4, ale 2-6, 
caude 2°5, rostri a rictu 0-6, tarsi 0-8. (Descr. exempl. ex Irazu, Costa Rica. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Costa Rica, San José!?, La Palma?5 (v. Frantzius); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 4, 
Cordillera de Tolé 3 4, Calovevora # (Arcé). 
This well-marked species is confined in its range to the mountain-districts of Costa 
Rica and the adjoining State of Panama. In the former country it appears to be not 
uncommon ; for though it did not fall to the lot of Dr. Hoffmann and his fellow-labourers 
to discover the species, it has since been found by nearly every collector who has worked 
in the country. It is probably equally abundant in the forests of the higher parts of 
Panama, whence we have received a fair supply of specimens. 
In the distribution of the colours of the head S. torguata differs from all its congeners ; 
but the most striking distinction is the dark pectoral band from which it takes its name ; 
this is not present in any other member of the genus. 
Our figure is taken from a Costa-Rican specimen shot near La Palma by Dr. von Frantzius. © 
