240 HIRUNDINID A. 
Cotile has the nostrils overhung by a membrane as in Hirundo; its peculiarities are 
in the greater proportional length of the lateral claws and in the distal end of the 
tarso-metatarsus being furnished with a tuft of feathers. 
The range of Cottle is almost cosmopolitan; and no land-bird is so widely spread as 
C. riparia. 
1. Cotile riparia. 
Hirundo riparia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 8441; Jones, Nat. Berm. p. 34’. 
Cotyle riparia, Cab. J. f. Orn. 1861, p. 93°; March, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1863, p. 296°; Baird, Rev. Am. 
| B. i. p.319°; Salv. Ibis, 1866, p.192°; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 967; Bull. U.S. Nat. 
Mus. no. 4, p. 17°; Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p. 271°; v. Frantzius, J. f. Orn. 1869, 
p- 295; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 18%; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 258”; Baird, Brew. & 
Ridgw. N. Am. B.i. p. 853"; Coues, B. Col. Vall. i. p. 485“; Gundl. Orn. Cub. p. 83”; 
Dresser, B. Eur. ii. p. 505, t. 163". 
Supra murina, uropygio paulo dilutiore secundariorum apicibus tenuissime albis; subtus alba, torque pectorali 
murino; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4°7, ale 4:0, caude 2°0, rostri a rictu 0-5, tarsi0-4. (Deser. 
exempl. ex Duefias, Guatemala. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Nort America generally 4 14, Bermuda ?.—Maexico, Tehuantepec (Sumichrast 8 °) ; 
GUATEMALA, Duefias, Yzabal (0. S. & F. D. G.°); Costa Rica (v. Frantzius 37 10),— 
ANTILLES, Cuba 1°, Jamaica*; Sour Ammrica, Amazons valley !°, Guiana, Brazil © ; 
Evrope!; Asta; AFRICA. 
The Sand-Martin of the American Continent is admitted by all writers to be in- 
separable from the familiar species of the Old World. In the United States it is a 
summer visitant for the purpose of breeding. As winter approaches it passes south- 
wards, and has been observed in Guatemala and Costa Rica and in some of the Antilles 
at that season; but it is nowhere common. Nor does it appear in any numbers in 
South America. Natterer only obtained a single specimen in the Brazilian province of 
Mato Grosso, Bartlett a few near Nauta on the upper Amazons; and quite recently 
Mr. H. Whitely has sent us a specimen from Bartica Grove in British Guiana. In the 
Antilles its presence has been but seldom noticed ; for Dr. Gundlach only once met with 
it, in the spring of 1843, when he shot a few individuals which were associating with 
numbers of Tachycineta bicolor. In Mexico it has only been seen near Tehuantepec, 
and in Guatemala only near Duefas and on the shores of the Lake of Yzabal. In 
Costa Rica, Dr. von Frantzius speaks of its breeding in numbers in holes in rocks; but 
we think he must refer to one of the species of Stelgidopteryx ©. A single specimen 
only was sent by him and his associates to the Berlin Museum °. 
The breeding-habits of Cotile riparia are too well known to need restating here, 
beyond the fact that a hole burrowed in a sandy bank forms its nest, and that it lays 
white eggs. 
