292 TANAGRIDA. 
out Mexico northwards beyond the frontier into New Mexico and Arizona, and south- 
wards into Guatemala. In the latter country, however, it is either a very local or a 
very rare bird, as we never obtained specimens ourselves, and the only one we possess 
has no precise locality attached to it, nor yet has one in the Strickland Collection at 
Cambridge received from Constancia 1°. 
In Mexico, Sumichrast speaks of it as one of the most widely distributed of the 
‘Tanagers, being found from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to a height of nearly 
10,000 feet above the sea. Grayson found P. hepatica quite common in the Sierra 
Madre between Mazatlan and Durango in December, but he never met with it in the 
Tierra Caliente proper. It seemed to him a mountain species '. 
P. hepatica may be distinguished from the other red Pyrange except P. azare of 
Bolivia, Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic, by the grey tint of the back. Like 
P. testacea it has the prominent notch in the middle of the edge of the maxilla on 
either side, but that species has a rich brick-red back without any admixture of grey. 
From P. azare the difference is slight and consists chiefly in the cheeks being greyish 
like the back, instead of red. The colour of the wings beneath, too, is whiter instead 
of being rosy. These differences are very slight, and were the birds found in contiguous 
areas, the propriety of separating them might well be questioned ; but divided as they 
are by several thousand miles, these small distinctions acquire a greater value. 
5. Pyranga testacea. (Tab. XIX. figg. 14,22.) 
Pyranga testacea, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. 8.1868, p. 388+; P. Z.S. 1879, p. 502°; Ridgw. Pr. Ac. Phil. 
1869, p. 183°; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 187*; Zeledon, Cat. Aves, Costa Rica, p. 7°. 
Testaceo-rubra unicolor, subtus clarior ; loris obscure cinereis, alis fuscis intus rosaceis extus dorsi colore 
limbatis, cauda rufo-fusca; rostro nigricanti-corneo dente maxillari distincto, pedibus obscure corylinis. 
Long. tota 7:0, alee 3°6, caude 3:1, rostri a rictu 0°9, tarsi 0°85. (Descr. maris ex Chitra, Panama. 
Mus. nostr.) 
© flavicanti-olivacea subtus aureo-flava, pectore et hypochondriis olivaceo perfusis, subalaribus flavis. (Descr. 
feminz ex Calovevora, Panama. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Cosra Rica (Van Patten, Zeledon*), Angostura °°; 
Panama, Chitra! 4, Boquete de Chitra 4, Calovevora!4, Santa Fé? (Arcé).—Co- 
LOMBIA?; Ecuapor; Bo.ivia. 
The first specimen we received of this species, a male in transition plumage, was 
referred to Pyranga hepatica’. The subsequent receipt of adult birds of both sexes 
at once showed its distinctness from that species. The upper back is of a rich 
brick-red colour without any admixture of grey. The red of the under surface is also 
of a much deeper tint than in P. hepatica. In the female there is no grey shade on 
the back, and no yellow on the forehead and lores as in the allied species. 
Described originally from the State of Panama, P. testacea has now been traced 
southwards to Bolivia. Bolivian and Ecuadorian examples are of a rather brighter 
shade, but hardly to be distinguished on that account. 
