=I 
PYRANGA.—CHLOROTHRAUPIS. 29 
11. Pyranga ludoviciana. 
Lanagra ludoviciana, Wils. Am. Orn. iii. p. 27, t. 20. f. 17. 
Pyranga ludoviciana, Bp. P. Z. 8S. 1837, p. 1167; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 125°; 1857, p. 213‘; 1859, 
p- 877°; 1862, p.19°; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 15"; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. 
i. p. 550°; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw. N. Am. B. i. p. 487°; Lawr. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
no. 4, p. 19"; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 192”. 
Flava ; interscapulio, alis et cauda nigris, alis flavo bivittatis, capite et gutture undique coccineo indutis ; rostro 
pallide corneo, tomiis albidis, pedibus obscure plumbeis. Long. tota 7:0, ale 3-9, caudee 2°9, rostri a rictu 
0-7, tarsi 0-75. (Descr. maris ex California, Smiths. Inst. no. 21370. Mus. nostr.) 
Q fusco-olivacea, capite summo et uropygio flavidioribus, subtus flava, hypochondriis fuscescentibus; alarum 
vittis flavo-albidis. (Descr. femine ex Duefias, Guatemala. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Nortu America, Missouri plains to Pacific Ocean.—Mexico, San Blas (Kellett 3), 
State of Vera Cruz (Sumichrast*), Orizaba (Botteri? +), Oaxaca (Boucard >), La 
Parada (Boucard®), Ishuatlan and Santa Efigenia (Swmichrast 1°); GuaTEMALa, 
(Velasquez de Leon, Constancia? 11), Alotenango’, Duefias (0. S. & F. D. G.), 
Coban (Sarq). 
This species of western North America appears in our region only as a winter 
visitor, arriving in September and leaving again for the north in April. During the 
summer months it spreads from the northern frontier of Mexico to Fort Liard, pro- 
bably breeding throughout this area. 
In Guatemala it can hardly be called a common bird, but it may generally be 
found in the winter months frequenting the table lands at an elevation of about 5000 
feet. At this season we never met with fully plumaged birds, and it wonld appear 
that the males of this species have a breeding-dress assumed only at the time of pairing. 
Dr. Cooper, the well-known naturalist of California, speaks of young and old of P. 
ludoviciana associating in autumn in families, all in the same dull-greyish plumage. 
But this observation probably only applies to the absence of the red head and throat 
in the male, which we have never seen in birds shot between October and March. 
Mr. Ridgway found P. dudoviciana breeding in Utah in 18699. The nest was at the 
extreme end of a horizontal branch of a pine, flat with only a very slight depression. 
It was composed of a few twigs and dry wiry stems, and lined almost entirely with fine 
vegetable rootlets. The eggs are light bluish-green, sparingly speckled, chiefly at the 
larger end, with markings of umber intermingled with a few dots of lilac. 
CHLOROTHRAUFIS. 
Chlorothraupis, Ridgway, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1883. 
The two species we place in this genus have hitherto stood one in Orthogonys, the other 
in Phenicothraupis, each being an abnormal element in the genus in which it was located. 
The two birds, Orthogonys olivaceus and Phenicothraupis carmioli, are evidently nearly 
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Aves, Vol. I., December 1883. 38 
