298 TANAGRIDZ. 
allied. The general colour of the plumage is the same and the difference between the 
sexes slight. In this respect they resemble Orthogonys viridis of Brazil; but the bill is 
much stouter and the cutting-edge of the maxilla is convex in the middle, forming 
almost a dental process; the terminal notch is very distinct. In Orthogonys the bill is 
much more slender and the commissure of the maxilla is simply curved without a trace 
of a median dental process. In coloration both species of Chiorothraupis have a great 
resemblance to Orthogonys viridis. 
The bill of Chlorothraupis differs from that of Phenicothraupis in being rather more 
compressed, otherwise the shape is very similar. But the great difference between the 
two is in the coloration of the plumage, olive-green being the prevalent colour in 
Chlorothraupis, whilst different shades of red distinguish the males of Phenicothraupis, 
and of brown or ochraceous brown the females. The males, too, are all ornamented 
with a scarlet crest. 
The range of Chlorothraupis is confined entirely to Western America from Peru to 
Nicaragua ; C. carmioli being found at each end of this area, whilst C. olivacea occupies 
the middle region from Panama to Ecuador. 
1. Chlorothraupis olivacea. 
Orthogonys olivaceus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 140°; 1864, p. 287, t. 2°; Scl. & Salv. P. ZS. 
1879, p. 502°. . 
Olivaceo-viridis, subtus dilutior, oculorum ambitu et loris superioribus flavis, gutture et subalaribus flavo 
variegatis ; rostro et pedibus plumbeo-nigrescentibus. Long. tota 6:5, ale 3°7, caude 2: 7, rostri a rictu 
0°8, tarsi 0-9. (Descr. maris ex Remedios, Colombia. Mus. nostr.) 
2 mari similis sed flavo nullo modo ornata, corpore subtus in medio et subalaribus fulvescentibus. (Descr. 
feming ex Puente de Chiarvo, Ecuador occ. Mus. H. von Berlepsch.) 
Hab. Panama, valley of the Truando (Wood 1).—Cotomp1a?; Ecuapor. 
Of this little-known species the first specimen was obtained by the Messrs. Wood, who 
were attached to the United States Expedition, sent under Lieut. Michler to explore 
the Isthmus of Darien. Cassin described and figured it in his papers relating to the 
birds obtained during the survey that was then made, under the name of Orthogonys 
olivaceus. Mr. C.J. Wood states that the bird inhabits low trees and bushes in the Cordil- 
lera; on the Rio Truando it could be constantly heard at some localities, though not so 
easily seen. Its notes, he adds, are loud and much varied, bearing a general resemblance 
to those of the Chat of North America (Icteria viridis). It appeared to be very active 
and lively, constantly flying about the bushes and changing its position. N othing more 
was heard of this species until the late Mr. T. K. Salmon obtained specimens from 
Remedios and Nechi in the Colombian State of Antioquia; but the only note he made 
concerning it was that it feeds on fruit, and that the iris is dark *. Since then we have 
received a specimen which was contained in a collection made in the neighbourhood of 
Pasto; and quite recently Count von Berlepsch has submitted to us a bird from 
