336 FRINGILLIDA. 
(Carmiol?), San José?, Turrialba* (v. Frantzius); Panama, Chitra, Boquete de 
Chitra, Calovevora, Calobre (Arcé*). 
This very distinct species is now a well-known bird, being not uncommon in Costa 
Rica and the adjoining parts of the State of Panama. It was first described by 
Prof. Baird in a paper published by Mr. Lawrence in 1867 1, and soon afterwards Count 
Salvadori gave a figure of it on a plate accompanying a short paper on Costa-Rica birds °. 
Dr. von Frantzius tells us4 that P. tibialis is found on the east side of Costa Rica, 
where it frequents the maize-fields. It is a good songster, its notes resembling those 
of the European Bullfinch (Pyrrhula vulgaris). 
Prof. Baird compares it with P. chrysogaster, but it has no near relationship with 
that species, nor, indeed, with any other member of the genus. Its black tail without 
terminal white spots (except in immature individuals), its black wings with only a 
white speculum, and its black tibie are all characteristic features shared with no other 
species. The sexes are alike in colour, as apparently is the case in P. aureiventris and 
its immediate allies. In P. chrysogaster and P. chrysopeplus the sexes differ consi- 
derably in the colour of their plumage. 
HEDYMELES. 
Hedymeles, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. p. 152 (1851) ; Baird, Brew., & Ridgway, N. Am. B. ii. p. 69. 
Zamelodia, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 9 (vice Hedymeles) ; Key N. Am. B. ed. 2, p. 388. 
Habia, Stejneger, Auk, i. p. 866 (ex Reichenbach). 
Two species constitute this genus, both of them inhabitants of North America, and 
one of them, H. ludovicianus, a migratory bird reaching Ecuador in winter; the other, 
H. melanocephalus, a more sedentary species, whose range does not pass the southern 
frontier of Mexico. 
The females of these two species are very similar in their streaked plumage, light 
superciliary stripe, and median stripe on the crown of the head. The males have their 
wings and tails similarly marked with white, and both have the under wing-coverts 
brightly coloured, one with rose and the other with yellow. In other respects their 
coloration differs widely. 
The bill is similar in both birds, being large and swollen, the mandible rather deeper 
than the maxilla, which has the commissure angulated. ‘The nostrils are open, and the 
prenasal feathers short and thickly set, the rictal bristles being short and strong. The 
tarsi are short and stout, as are also the feet and claws. The wings are rather long, the 
second, third, and fourth primaries nearly equal and longest, the first being longer than 
the fifth. The tail is moderately long and slightly forked. 
1. Hedymeles ludovicianus. V 
Loxia ludoviciana, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 306". 
Guiraca ludoviciana, Sw. Phil. Mag. n. ser. i. p. 488°; Bp. P. Z. 8S. 1837, p. 116°; Consp. Av. i. 
