100 | TYRANNIDZ. 
Huexotitla and Llano de San Baltazar (Ferrari-Perez 18), Chilpancingo and Amula 
in Guerrero (Mrs. H. H. Smith); Morelia, Atlixco (F. D. G.), State of Vera Cruz 
(Sumichrast °), Oaxaca (Boucard®); Guatemana, Salama (Skinner ®), Duefias 
(L. Fraser); Costa Rica (Zeledon 18). 
Sumichrast states? that this species is common in the hot and temperate regions of 
the State of Vera Cruz, and is also found on the plateau; but, so far as our experience 
goes, it is the only species of the highlands, and is far more abundant on the western 
side of Mexico than elsewhere. Xantus found it breeding on the Volcano of Colima, 
but at what elevation.is not stated. 
Northwards it spreads throughout the Western Sierra Madre, and thence across the 
United States frontier to the Rocky Mountains, as far north as Wyoming. But in the 
north it is only a summer visitor, retiring southwards after the breeding-season, at the 
approach of winter. In Guatemala it is perhaps more abundant than would appear 
at first sight, as its resemblance to 7. melancholicus is close enough to render it easily 
mistaken for that bird. 
Many years ago Skinner gave us a specimen said to have been shot near Salama in 
Vera Paz, and during his short stay in Guatemala Fraser obtained one near Dueias. 
These are the only authentic specimens from that country we have seen. 
Its occurrence in Costa Rica rests on a statement to that effect in the ‘ History of 
North-American Birds,’ and its mention in Zeledon’s ‘ Catalogue of Costa Rican Birds.’ 
We have no record to add of its occurrence so far south. 
The nest obtained by Xantus is described by Brewer as a slight structure composed 
of wiry grass mixed with bits of wool and lined with finer grasses. The eggs are pure 
white, freckled on the larger end with purplish brown and greyish lilac. 
4. Tyrannus verticalis. 
Tyrannus verticalis, Say in Long’s Exp. ii. p. 60'; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 173°; Baird, Brew., & 
Ridgw. N. Am. B. ii. p. 824°; Coues, Birds N. W. p. 286°; Key N. Am. B. ed. 2, 
p- 433°; Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 288°; Henshaw, Rep. Geol. Surv. West 
100th Mer. v. p. 83427; Sennett, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv. v. p. 401°; Ridgw. Man. N. Am. 
B. p. 330°; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 269”. 
T. melancholico quoque similis, sed rostro minore alarum tectricibus vix lavatis, cauda quadrata rectrice 
extima utrinque in pogonio externo omnino alba ab omnibus hujus generis distinguendus. Long. tota 8-0, 
ale 4:9, caudex 3-6, tarsi 0°75, rostri a rictu 0°95. (Descr. femine ex Volcan de Agua. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Western Nortu America together with the great plains southwards.—MeExioo, 
Tepic (Grayson®), Plains of Colima (Xantus*); Guatemata, Volcan de Agua 
(0. S. & F. D. G.), Duefias (F. Oates). 
Though a well-known bird in Western North America, 7. verticalis appears to be 
seldom found in Mexico, and at present the only records we have of its occurrence in 
that country are those of Grayson and Xantus mentioned above at Tepic and Colima ®. 
