102 TYRANNIDA. 
San Diego in Nuevo Leon (Couch 21), Ceralvo, San Antonio, Estancia, and Topo 
Chico near Monterey (F. B. Armstrong), Sierra Madre above Ciudad Victoria, 
Soto la Marina, Aldama, Tampico (W. B. Richardson), Hacienda de los Atlixcos 
(F. D. G.), Cuesta de Misantla (IZ. Trujillo), Jalapa (de Oca+, Ferrari-Perez *), 
Vera Cruz (Richardson), Teapa in Tabasco (Mrs. H. H. Smith), Merida in Yucatan 
(Schott *>), Peto and Buctzotz in Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer), Tabi (F. D. G.), 
Holbox, Meco, Mujeres Is. (G. F. Gaumer), Cozumel I. (Benedict 2", G. F. Gaumer), 
Rio Mayo in Sonora (W. Lloyd), Mazatlan (Grayson 23 36, Forrer), Tierra Colorada 
(Mrs. H. H. Smith), Acapulco (A. H. Markham, Mrs. H. H. Smith), Plains of 
Colima (Xantus **), Chihuitan °7, Tapana 3’, Barrio 37, Dondominguillo 3’, Sta. 
Efigenia, Tehuantepec (Sumichrast); British Honpuras, Belize (Blancaneauz) ; 
GUATEMALA (Constancia 1°), Coban, Tactic, Yzabal, San Gerénimo 12, Dueiias 8, 
Escuintla, Retalhuleu (0. 8S. & F. D. G.); Honpuras (G. C.. Taylor), Omoa 
(Leyland °), San Pedro (G. M. Whitely °), Segovia River (Henderson*?) ; Nicaragua, 
Blewfields (Wickham *°), Greytown (Holland *4), Chontales (Belt *), Omotepe I.?°, 
San Juan del Sur#, and Sucuyd4? (Nutting); Costa Rica (v. Frantzius 31), San 
José, Grecia 4, Sarchi '4, Barranca “ (Carmiol), Bebedero, Nicoya, Tucuriqui 
(Arcé), Irazu (Rogers), La Palma (Nutting 38); Panama, David (Bridges ?), Calo- 
vevora, Calobre, Castillo (Arcé), Lion Hill (M‘Leannan 13 32), Paraiso (Hughes), 
Truando R. ( Wood 11)—Sourn America generally to the Argentine Republic ¢ 1’, 
Specimens from the extreme southern range of Tyrannus melancholicus differ from 
those of the extreme north in having rather greyer throats, and blacker and more 
deeply forked tails. In Guiana and other parts of the northern portion of South 
America intermediate forms occur; and though the species has been separated into 
three races they are admitted on all hands to be not capable of precise definition. There 
is considerable variation in individuals from the same district, and the upper surface 
varies from dark olive to nearly pure grey; the throat, too, is whiter in some specimens 
than in others. Some stress has been laid on the colour of the tail between northern 
and southern birds; but this seems to be due to a considerable extent to the age of the 
feathers in the individuals examined, for in freshly moulted birds we see no difference 
in this respect. 
The various names given to this bird are strictly applicable as follows :—Zyrannus 
melancholicus to the southern bird, 7. couchi to that of the Rio Grande valley, and 
L. satrapa to that of the northern part of the South-American continent. . despotes 
is probably a synonym of 7. melancholicus, and so also is Muscicapa furcata of Spix, 
and 7. crudelis of Swainson. 
Except in the higher lands of Mexico, Tyrannus melancholicus is a very common 
species almost everywhere throughout our region, and in all the more open country may 
be seen in constant pursuit of its insect food, and from its conspicuous yellow plumage 
and its noisy restless habits is a species that is more frequently noticed than almost any 
