TITYRA. 119 
It has long been the custom to keep Mexican and Central-American Tityr@ of this 
form distinct under the name of 7’. personata, but with a large series before us from all 
parts of its range we are unable to find any tangible grounds for separation, and 
therefore follow Mr. Sclater in uniting them all under the name of 7. semifasciata, 
which was originally applied to the Brazilian bird. 
Comparing a specimen from Misantla, in Eastern Mexico, with one from Lion Hill 
on the Panama Railway we find scarcely any perceptible difference; the back of the 
latter is a little paler, and this seems to be generally the case in southern specimens. 
As will be seen from the list of localities where this species occurs, its distribution 
is pretty general throughout our region, except in the northern and central States of 
Mexico, and its range in altitude extends from the sea-level to a height of about 4000 
feet in the mountains. Grayson!’ says that in the neighbourhood of Mazatlan it is 
generally seen in very lofty trees, either in small flocks, but more usually solitary or in 
pairs. It feeds on various kinds of fruit and also insects, which he saw it dart after 
like the Flycatchers. He found it near Mazatlan in the months of November, February, 
April, and June. It doubtless breeds in the mountain region of that latitude. Tt has 
no song, the voice being rather harsh. 
Mr. Nutting?! gives a similar account of its food and method of catching insects, 
except that he does not include fruit as part of its diet. Salmon 8, on the other hand, 
mentions fruit as its only food. No doubt much depends upon the time of year and 
the food most accessible, as all these birds, including some of the Tyrannide, eat both 
insects and fruit. Though chiefly a denizen of the forest country, it also frequents 
pine-regions, such as are found in British Honduras; and Mr. Nutting shot one at La 
Palma in Costa Rica in a large tree standing in an open field. 
Salmon says the nest is placed in a hole in a decayed tree almost on a level with the 
entrance. The egg is white. 
The bare portion round the eye and the basal half of the bill in life is a reddish flesh- 
colour. ‘The iris is dark red, and the feet and toes lead-colour. 
2. Tityra albitorques. 
Tityra albitorques, Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiy. pt. 2, p. 104°; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p- 56°; Sel. 
P.Z.S. 1859, p. 284°; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 400‘; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N.Y. vii. p. 295°; 
vill. p. 182°; 1x. p. 116". 
Exetastes albitorques, Cab. & Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84°. 
Erator aibitorques, Sumichrast, Mus. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p- 558°. 
Tityria frasert, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 47, tt. 87,38; Salv. P. Z.S. 1870, p. 199"'; Scl. & Salv. 
P. Z. 8. 1870, p. 837; Boucard, P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 449”; Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
x. p. 589", 
Tityria albitorques fraseri, Nutting, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 397™. 
Supra pallide grisea ; loris et capite summo nigris ; alis nigris, remigibus interne ad basin albis; tectricibus 
minoribus dorso concoloribus, majoribus nigris; cauda alba, fascia subterminali et rhachidibus supra nigris ; 
