144 COTINGIDA. 
long and strong; the fourth and fifth primaries are the longest, the third=fifth, the 
second=the seventh, the first is a little shorter than the tenth; the tarsi are short, and 
the feet generally rather feeble, the outer toe is a little longer than the inner toe and 
more united to the middle toe; the tail is moderate and nearly even, and the general 
plumage like that of Cephalopterus, black, the male being adorned by a rich vinous 
red throat. 
1. Querula cruenta. 
Muscicapa cruenta, Bodd. Tabl. Pl. Enl. p. 23, ex Daub. Pl. Enl. 381°. 
Querula cruenta, Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 148°; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 296°; ix. 
p. 117%; Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 1864, p. 861°; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 396°. 
Muscicapa rubricollis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 9337. 
Nigra; gula tota plumis elongatis vinaceo-rubris ornata ; mento nigro: rostro plumbeo, pedibus nigris. Long. 
tota 11:0, ale 7-2, caude 4°7, rostri a rictu 1:4, tarsi 1-0. 
Q omnino nigra, gula inornata. (Descr. maris et femine ex Panama. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Costa Rica, Angostura, Pacuar (Carmiol+) ; Panama, Montafia del Vermejo (Arcé), 
Lion Hill (/‘ZLeannan *°*), Turbo (C. J. Wood ?).—Soutn America, from Colombia 
to Peru, Amazons valley, and Guiana °®. 
This is a distinct species with no near allies, which has a wide range in the northern 
portion of South America. It occurs commonly on the Isthmus of Panama, and thence 
northward to Costa Rica; it frequents the higher forests, living in the branches of the 
loftier trees and feeding on fruit. 
CEPHALOPTERUS. 
Cephalopterus, Geoffroy, Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 285 (1809) ; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 398. 
There are three species of this remarkable genus, one of which (C. glabricollis) 
occurs in Costa Rica and the adjoining State of Panama, another (C. penduliger) 
in Western Ecuador, and a third (C. ornatus) has a wide range over the Amazons 
valley from Colombia to Bolivia, it is also said to occur in Guiana; no species is found 
in the forests of South-eastern Brazil. 
One of the most peculiar features of this genus is the long caruncle or appendage 
proceeding from the throat, densely feathered in two species, nearly naked in C. glabri- 
collis, which has only a few long terminal feathers. The feathers of the crown and 
forehead are long and curved towards their ends, and form a kind of hood, from which 
these birds take their trivial name of umbrella-birds. The bill is very stout and the 
culmen arched; the nostrils have an overhanging membrane and are situated at the 
lower end of the nasal fossa; the fifth primary is the longest in the wing, the fourth 
and sixth are equal, the second=the seventh, the first is less than the tenth ; the tail 
is short and rounded ; the tarsi and toes are strong, the outer toe a little shorter than 
the middle toe, the inner toe being the shortest. 
