MYRMOTHERULA. 211 
B'. Gula nigra. . 
3. Myrmotherula melena. 
Formicivora melena, Scl. P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 1801; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 6°. 
Myrmotherula melena, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 191°; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 356°; 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. ix. p. 107°; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p, 311°; Boucard, P. Z. 8. 1878, 
p- 617; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 48°; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 115°; 
Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 239”. 
Myrmotherula ornata, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 191" (partim, nee Scl.) (cf. Salv. Ibis, 1874, 
p- dll). | 
Myrmotherula albigula, Mawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 181”; ix. p. 108% (cf. Salv. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 317). ; . 
Nigra, supra unicolor, tectricibus alarum omnibus albo terminatis, subalaribus et hypochondriis pure albis, 
caude rectricibus quoque albo terminatis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4:0, ale 2°1, caude 1:4, 
rostri a rictu 0-6, tarsi 0°65. (Descr. maris ex Angostura, Costa Rica. Mus. nostr.) 
2 olivaceo-brunnea, alis et cauda nigricanti-brunneis extrorsum paulo rufescentibus, illius tectricibus fulvo 
terminatis: subtus pallide cervina, gula albicantiore. (Descr. feminee ex Panama. Mus. Brit.) 
Hab. Costa Rica (Boucard’), Angostura 15, Pacuare (Carmiol®, Zeledon ®), Naranjo 
de Cartago, Las Trojas (Zeledon®); Panama, Lion Hill (M*Leannan? +), Chepo 
(Arcé), R. Truando (Wood *).—Sourn America from Colombia to Peru® and the 
Upper Amazons Valley 8, 
M. melena was separated from its near ally WM. axillaris by Mr. Sclater in 1857, his 
description being founded on trade skins from Bogota!. Its difference from the latter 
consists in the blacker, less cinereous tint of its plumage; both birds have the pure 
white flanks peculiar to this section of the genus. 
_ From Colombia WM. melena ranges widely southwards to Peru and over the portion 
of the valley of the Amazons appertaining to that republic. Northwards it spreads 
through the Isthmus of Panama to Costa Rica, where it has been met with in the 
forests of the eastern part of that country by several collectors. 
_ The diversity of sexes of this species has been a source of confusion to several 
writers. Cassin failed to recognize the specimens from Darien that came before 
him, and mixing them with examples of WZ. fulviventris, called them all with doubt 
M. ornata™. Mr. Lawrence, again, described the female as a distinct species under 
the name WM. albiguia’*. ‘These names are now rightly, we believe, assigned to 
M. melena. 
Of the habits of this species little has been recorded. Salmon merely says of the iris 
that it is dark in life. Stolzmann states that it is a rather common bird at Yurima- 
guas in Peru, where it lives, like other species of the virgin forest, amongst the tops of 
the lower trees and follows the wandering bands of birds ®. 
4, Myrmotherula ménétriési. 
Myrmothera menetriesi, d’Orb. Voy. Am. Mér., Ois. p. 184’. 
Myrmotherula menetriesi, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 144°; 1870, p. 195°; Ibis, 1874, p. 310°; Boucard, 
27% 
