222 FORMICARIID. 
Panama. A little way further south, in the Valley of the Cauca, G. rujiceps takes its 
place, whilst northward at Chiriqui and beyond G. olivascens prevails. 
G. leucaspis is probably restricted to the forests of the eastern slope of the Cordillera 
drained by the upper waters of the Amazons and Orinoco. We have lately received a 
specimen from Mr. T. H. Wheeler from the Llanos of the Rio Meta. 
2. Gymnopithys olivascens. 
Pithys bicolor, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 109°; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 195°; Sel. Ibis, 1873, 
p. 873°; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xv. p. 296 (partim)*; Boucard, P.Z.S. 1878, p. 62°; 
Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 115°. 
Pithys bicolor olivascens, Ridgway, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. p. 460’. 
G. bicolort similis, sed capite toto summo et fronte rufo-brunneis, hac haud nigricanti-cinerea. (Descr. maris 
ex La Balza, Costa Rica. Mus. nostr.) 
© mari similis. 
Hab. Honpvuras, Santa Ana (Wittkugel") ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Bel¢*) ; Costa Rica, 
Angostura!, La Balsa (Carmiol), Navarro de Cartago (Zeledon °), San Carlos 
(Boucard®); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Arcé ?). 
This bird has hitherto been placed with G. dzcolor, but it evidently belongs to 
a distinct species, with a more northern range than its near ally. One of the 
characteristic features of G. bicolor is its dark grey forehead; in this bird the 
forehead is reddish brown to the base of the bill. Like G. bicolor the male has no 
concealed dorsal patch, as is the case in G. leucaspis; moreover that bird has a black 
band bordering the white under surface on either side, separating it from the dark 
neck and flanks. G. olivascens has its nearest ally in a Colombian bird which has 
hitherto been confounded with G. leucaspis, but which is clearly distinct from that 
bird and we therefore describe it as G. rujiceps *. 
The range of G. olivascens appears to extend from Chiriqui northwards to 
Henduras. We are not certain whether all the Costa Rica references belong to it, 
but as our specimen from that country is clearly of this species, we assume that it, 
and not G. bicolor, alone is found there. | 
Mr. Ridgway, who has kindly lent us his types for examination, considered this bird 
only subspecifically distinct from G. bicolor, but we think its characters quite definite. 
The relationship of both birds to G. leucaspis is remote. 
* Gymnopithys ruficeps, sp. n. 
G. olivascenti affinis, sed fronte et pileo rufescentioribus, hypochondriis magis rufis et statura majore differt. 
Long. ale 2°5. 
Hab. CotomsBra, Cauca Valley (Salmon). 
There are four specimens of this species in the British Museum, a male and a female from Salmon’s collec- 
tion and two of Bogota make. They are specimens 8, ¢, g, and h of “ Pithys leucaspis.” — 
