412 PICID. 
MW. a. s. pauper. And even further as regards Mr. Ridgway’s IW. leei, which was at one 
time called UV. dubius leei; for M. dubius, through the connection of M. santacruzi, is 
M. aurifrons santacruz dubius, and hence MV. leei becomes Melanerpes aurifrons santa- 
cruzi dubius leei! By making MW. santacruzi the central form, one of these names may be 
eliminated at the cost of strict priority, but IZ. Jeet would still be left with four names. 
Mr. Ridgway, when compiling his ‘Manual of North-American Birds,’ seems to have 
seen all this difficulty, for he calls the whole of the members of this section of the 
genus by simple binomials. But what, then, has become of the intergradation, the 
existence of which he so strongly insisted upon in his first paper, and which is probably 
much more evident to us now than it was to him at the time? 
a. Dorsum nigrum, cerulescenti-chalybeo lavatum. 
1. Melanerpes formicivorus. 
Picus formicivorus, Sw. Phil. Mag. new ser. i. p. 439 (1827)*; Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 515°. 
Melanerpes formicivorus, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 109°; Scl. P. Z. 8. 1856, pp. 143°, 307°; 1858, 
p- 805°; 1859, p. 3677; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 60°; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 137°; 
Cab. J. f. Orn. 1862, p. 322°°; Dugés, La Nat. i. p. 189%; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. 
p. 181%; Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 294%; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 35”; 
v. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 364%; Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p.562"; La Nat. 
v. p. 240%; Salv. P. Z. 8S. 1870, p. 218*°; Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 397%; Boucard, P. Z. 8. 
1878, p.49”; Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 497”; x. p.591”; Ferrari-Perez, Pr. U.S. 
Nat. Mus. ix. p. 159”; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 124”; Hargitt, Cat, 
Birds Brit. Mus. xviil. pp. 149, 569”. 
Picus melanopogon, Temm. Pl. Col. 451 (1828) *; Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 515. 
Picus melanopogon, Licht. Preis-Verz. mex. Vig. p. 1 (cf. J. £. Orn. 1863, p. 55) *. — 
Melanerpes melanopogon, Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 151”. 
Melanerpes formicivorus, var. formicivorus, Baird, Brew., & Ridgw. N. Am. Birds, ii. p. 566 °°. 
Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi, Coues, Check-l. N. Am, Birds, p. 79”. 
Supra chalybeo-niger, uropygio et tectricibus supracaudalibus niveis his strictissime nigro limbatis; capite 
summo et nucha coccineis, fronte postica et torque gutturali (linea ante oculos conjunctis) albis, hac flavo 
suffuso, fronte antica et gula antica nigris ; pectore nigro chalybeo squamato, parte postica et hypochon- 
driis utrinque albo limbatis, illius plumis in pectore medio macula alba in pogonio interno tantum notatis 
ciliis omnibus nigris, ventre medio albo; alis et cauda nigris, illis speculo alari albo, remigibus omnibus 
ad basin in pogonio interno albis, subalaribus nigro et albo variegatis; rostro et pedibus nigris. 
Long. tota 8°5, ale 6:0, caude 3°35, rostri a rictu 1:3, tarsi 0°9, dig. med. absque ungue 0°7, dig. 
ext. 0°65. . 
mari similis, capite summo chalybeo-nigro dorso concolore; pectore antico plumis quibusdam coccineis 
ornato. (Descr. maris et femine ex Real del Monte, Mexico. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Norta America, Western States from British Columbia southwards to Arizona and 
Western Texas °°.—Mexico (Temminck*®, Wagler, Mus. Ber.?"),Santa Rosa, Yecera 
in Sonora (W. Lloyd), Pinos Altos in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn), Refugio, San 
José, Tomochic, Jesus Maria, all in Chihuahua (W. Lloyd), Ciudad in Durango 
(Forrer), Guanajuato (Dugés 1"), Sierra de Valparaiso, Sierra de Bolafios, Sierra de 
Jerez, Sierra de San Luis Potosi, Sierra de Tepic, Sierra above Ciudad Victoria in 
