DENDROCOPUS. 435 
San Marcos in May 1889. Some of these examples are rather smaller than those from 
more northern localities, and upon such a small specimen (a female) Mr. Ridgway founded 
his D. arizone fraterculus. The difference, however, is by no means constant, and 
some southern birds quite equal their northern relatives in size; so that failing more 
positive characters no separation should be made. 
Though known for some time as a bird of Arizona, it passed under the name of 
D. stricklandi, until Mr. Hargitt, having occasion to refer to the question, detected 
the differences, and described the bird under the name it now bears. 
B. Ale externe et plume scapulares distincte albo notate ; pileus fere totus 
maris coccineo ornatus. 
5. Dendrocopus scalaris. 
Picus scalaris, Wag). Isis, 1829, p. 511"; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 3077; 1859, p. 367°; Dugés, La 
Nat. i. p. 189%; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 205°; Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 294°; 
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 847; Grayson, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 273°; Baird, 
Brew., & Ridgw. N. Am. Birds, ii. p. 515°; Sumichrast, La Nat. v. p. 240"; Belding, 
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 344"; Boucard, P. Z. 8.1883, p. 452°; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 191”. 
Dryobates scalaris, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 575"; Ferrari-Perez, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
ix. p. 159”; Herrera, La Nat. (2) i. pp. 179", 822"; Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 368”. 
Dendrocopus scalaris, Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 246. 
Dictyopipo scalaris, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. Heft 2, p. 74”. 
Picus parvus, Cabot, Bost. Journ. N. H. v. p. 92”. 
Dryobates scalaris parvus, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 284”; Stone, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1890, p. 206 *°. 
Picus bairdi, Malh. Mon. Pic. i. p. 118, t. 27. figg. 7,8; Scl. Cat. Am. Birds, p. 333”. 
Picus scalaris, var., Malh. Mon. Pic. t. 27. fig. 6°. 
Picus orizabe, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1863, p. 196”. 
Picus lucasianus, Finsch, Abh. nat. Ver. z. Bremen, 1870, p. 354°. 
Dryobates scalaris sinaloensis, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 285 ”. 
Picus scalaris, var. graysoni, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 294°. 
Dryobates scalaris graysoni, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 285”. 
Dendrocopus graysom, Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xviii. p. 250%. 
Supra niger, distincte et regulariter albo transfasciatus, tectricibus supracaudalibus nigricantibus, pilei plumis 
ad basin nigris medialiter albis et coccineo terminatis, fronte tantum albo guttata, nucha pure coccinea ; 
capitis lateribus nigricantibus, stria superciliari (cervicis lateribus albidis conjuncta) et stria infra oculos 
albidis: subtus albidus, corporis lateribus sparsim nigricante guttatis; alis nigricantibus albo fasciatis, 
tectricibus quoque albo guttatis; cauda nigra, rectricibus externis distincte albo transfasciatis; rostro et 
pedibus nigricantt-plumbeis. Long. tota circa 6:0, ale 3-9, caude 3:0, rostri a rictu 0°85, tarsi 0°6, dig. 
med. absque ungue 0°45, dig. ext. 0°5. (Descr. maris ex Chietla, Puebla, Mexico. Mus. nostr.) 
@ mari similis, capite summo omnino nigricante. 
Hab. North America, States of the southern frontier, from Arizona to Texas 9.— 
Mexico ( Wagler!), Hermosillo, Moctezuma (Ferrari-Perez), Guaymas (Belding 1"), 
Cedros, Guadalupe in Sonora, Indines in Chihuahua (W. Lloyd), Presidio de 
50* 
