444 . PICIDA. 
exclusively a Neotropical one, the exceptions being C. principalis of the Southern 
States of North America, to which may perhaps be added its near allies C. bairdi and 
C. imperialis, though both are found beyond the boundaries of the United States. 
Of the narrow-necked large-headed Woodpeckers, Campophilus has the nostrils 
hidden by antrorse bristly feathers, similar plumes extending forwards on the chin over 
the interramal angle. ‘The outer (reversed) toe is considerably longer than the middle 
toe; the tail is long, the central feathers peculiarly formed, so that the stiffened webs 
when closely pressed to the stem or branch of a tree assist largely in supporting the 
bird, the points of the feathers not apparently being used for this purpose and there- 
fore soft and but slightly worn; the shafts of these feathers are hollowed out beneath. 
The head carries a distinct crest, very pronounced in C. imperialis, and the bill is very 
strong, being wide at its base as compared with its height. 
Of the fourteen known species of the genus four only occur within our limits. ‘The 
most northern of these is the giant of the whole family, C. imperialis, restricted in its 
range to the pine-clad heights of the Sierra Madre of North-western Mexico. C. quate- 
malensis is by far the most widely distributed of our species, and extends from Mazatlan 
and Tampico to Costa Rica.. The other two species are both of southern connection 
and do not enter our fauna beyond the limits of the State of Panama. The southern 
species spread over nearly the whole of the southern continent as far as Paraguay and 
the Argentine Republic. 
a. Ingens, corpore subtus omnino nigro. 
1. Campophilus imperialis. 
Picus imperialis, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 140°. 
Campophilus imperialis, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. Heft 2, p. 101°; Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. 
Mus. xviii. p. 465 *. 
Campephilus imperialis, Ridgw. Auk, 1887, p. 161 *. 
Purpureo-niger, interscapulio utrinque albo marginato, stria lata post oculos utringue ad nucham conjunctis, 
plumis valde elongatis coccineis cum plumis elongatis occipitalibus nigris crista magna formantibus ; 
remigibus quinque externis nigris, sexto ad apicem albo, reliquis cum secundariis omnibus externe albis ; 
rostro eburneo; pedibus nigricanti-plumbeis, unguibus corneis. Long. tota circa 22:0, ale 12°5, caud 
8-0, tarsus 1:8, dig. med. absque ungue 1°45, dig. ext. 1:65. 
Q mari similis, crista haud coccinea, sed plumis valde elongatis et recurvatis nigris composita. (Descr. maris et 
femine ex Ciudad in Durango, Mexico. Mus. nostr.) 
Hab. Mexico (Floresi*), Sierra Madre de Sonora (Benson*), Ciudad in Durango 
(Forrer), Sierra de Valparaiso (W. B. Richardson), Sierra de Juanacatlan, Mascota, 
Jalisco (Dr. A. C. Buller, in mus. Rothschild). 
in these pages, his Catalogue of the Picide in the British Museum has been of the greatest service to us in our 
present undertaking. 
