RHAMPHASTOS., 553 
bird, but there are points in the description, such as the white throat, that make it 
doubtful what Linneus’s bird really was. We quite accept the general verdict that 
Swainson’s title 2. carinatus? may continue to be applied to this Toucan, though the 
description is not satisfactory. 
The range of this species extends far further north than that of any of its congeners, 
as it is found from the middle of the State of Vera Cruz throughout Eastern Guate- 
mala to Honduras. It seems to be wholly absent from Western Mexico and the whole 
of the low-lying land of Guatemala, between the mountains and the Pacific Ocean. 
Where it occurs on the eastern side of the Cordillera, it is by no means uncommon, as 
“we have records of it from many places in Vera Cruz, and thence southwards into 
Yucatan, British Honduras, and Guatemala. It is a bird that never leaves the vicinity 
of the great forests, and its presence may be known by its harsh cries. It does not 
leave the hotter districts, and its range in the mountains probably does not much 
exceed 2500 feet. 
The colours of the bill in life are very vivid, but these almost wholly disappear in 
the dried skin. The maxilla in life is for the most part yellowish-green, the tip being 
blood-red, and there is a large elongated orange patch along the proximal half of the 
side ; the mandible is blood-red at the tip, then follows a sky-blue band, succeeded by 
yellowish-green to the base; a black ridge surrounds the base of the bill. The bare 
space round the eye is greenish-yellow, becoming green under the eye itself. ‘The iris is 
greenish-yellow. These notes on the colours of these parts were taken from a specimen 
freshly killed on the Rio Dulce, Guatemala, in December 1857 ¥. 
2. Rhamphastos brevicarinatus. 
Rhamphastos brevicarinatus, Gould, Mon. Rhamph. ed. 2, t. 3°; Salv. Ibis, 1869, p. 317°; Scl. 
Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. p. 126°; Richmond, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 518%. 
Rhamphastos approximans, Cab. J. f. Orn. 1862, p. 333°; v. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 362°; 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 1287. 
Rhamphastos carinatus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 186°; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. vii. p. 299°; 
Scl. & Salv. P. Z.S. 1864, p. 366 *; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 156"; 1870, p. 211”; Nutting, 
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 407"; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 123”; 
Underwood, Ibis, 1896, p. 445 »’. 
Rhamphastos piscivorus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 184"; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 280". 
R. carinato persimilis et forsan vix distinguendus; gutture luteo, postice late coccineo limbato, et statura forsan 
minore diversus. 
Hab. Nicaracua, Matagalpa (W. B. Richardson), Escondido river (Richmond 3), 
Blewfields (Wickham 1°), Los Sabalos (Nutting 1°), La Libertad, San Emilio (W..B. 
Richardson), Greytown (Holland 1°) ; Costa Rica ®, San José (v. Frantzius "), Grecia, 
Angostura, Dota Mts. (v. Frantzius®, Carmiol”), Candelaria Mts., Aguacate, 
Machuca, Orosi, Tucurriqui (v. Frantzius®), Cartago, Naranjo de Cartago (Zeledon}3), 
Turrialba (Arcé, Zeledon 1+), Miravalles (Underwood 1°); Panama, Chitra, Santa 
Fé" (Arcé), Lion Hill (d‘Leannan ® 1°).—N. Cotomsta +. 
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Aves, Vol. II., December 1896. 70 
