554 RHAMPHASTID2. 
This is a race closely allied to R. carinatus—so much so, that, since it was separated 
by Gould!, doubts have always existed whether it can really be distinguished. It 
appears to be a smaller bird, with a shorter and comparatively deeper bill, characters 
of little value ; but a more definite point is the width of the scarlet band which borders 
the yellow throat. This in R. drevicarinatus is wide and distinct, but scarcely shown 
in ft. carinatus. | 
The range of the latter bird extends from Eastern Nicaragua through Costa Rica 
and Panama. It just enters the northern part of Colombia, where Mr. Simons 
obtained a specimen at Manaure, near Santa Marta. 
In habits, R. brevicarinatus resembles FR. carinatus, and appears to be equally 
common in the countries where it is found. Both Mr. Nutting 1+ and Mr. Richmond ® 
found it at Nicaragua, and we have many records of it in Costa Rica and Panama. 
i. approximans, Cab., was kept separate from ZR. brevicarinatus by Cassin in his 
review of the Rhamphastide (Pr. Ac. Phil. 1867, p.103), but their distinctness cannot, 
we think, now be maintained. 
8. Rhamphastos tocard. 
Le Tocard, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Ois. de Parad. ii. p. 25, t. 9°. 
Rhamphastos tocard, Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. N. xxxiv. p. 281°; Wagl. Syst. Av. fol. 1, p. 3°; 
Gould, Mon. Rhamph. ed. 2, t. 4*; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 186°; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. vi. p. 299°; ix. p. 1287; Cab. J. f. Orn. 1862, p. 824°; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 
p- 866°; v. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 862°; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 2117; Ibis, 1872, 
p- 823"; Boucard, P. Z. 8S. 1878, p. 46"; Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 407™; 
Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p.591” ; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p.123"; 
Richmond, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 5187; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. p. 127". 
Niger, supra rufo lavatus, alis et cauda pure nigris paulo nitidis ; tectricibus supracaudalibus albis; gutture 
toto luteo, postice albo deinde coccineo limbato ; tectricibus subcaudalibus coccineis ; rostri maxilla culmine 
aurantiaco, basi rubida, inter hos colores nigra; mandibula nigricante ad basin rubida; oculorum ambitu 
nudo luteo; pedibus plumbeis. Long. tota circa 24-0, ale 9-3, caude 6°5, rostri a rictu 6°5, tarsi 2:0. 
(Descr. maris ex Chiriqui. Mus. nostr.) 
© mari similis. 
Hab. Nicaragua, Segovia river (Townsend 1°), Escondido river (Richmond 1"), Chontales 
(Belt), Los Sabalos (Nutting); Costa Rica, San Carlos (v. Frantzius!, Carmiol?, 
Boucard**), Turrialba (v. Frantzius°, Carmiol"), Tucurriqui (v. Frantzius 1°), 
Angostura (Carmiol"), Naranjo de Cartago, Jimenez, Las Trojas, Pozo Azul de 
Pirris (Zeledon 1°); Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé), Lion Hill 
(M*Leannan ®°), Rio Nercua (Wood *).—CotomBra ; Ecuapor; Perv. 
Lhamphastos tocard is one of the largest species of Toucans, and has been known 
since Levaillant’s time, the figure in his great work ‘ Oiseaux de Paradis’ being now 
generally accepted as a representation of this bird. Upon this figure Vieillot based 
his name, 
This species is not at ail uncommon in the lowlands of the north-western countries 
