SULA. 145 
edges of mandibles serrated, that of the upper mandible deeply cleft at the junction of 
the maxilla with the quadrato-jugal bar; chin and upper part of throat more or less 
naked. Wings very long and pointed, the first primary longest. ‘Tail long and wedge- 
shaped, composed of from twelve to eighteen feathers. Tarsus short; outer and middle 
toes subequal; claws curved, that of middle toe broad and pectinate.” 
Ten species of Gannets are known, and in every case considerable time elapses before 
the full plumage is attained: the European S. bassana is said to require six years. 
This observation was, however, taken from birds in confinement, and it is more 
probable that the white plumage is fully assumed by the end of the third year. 
1. Sula bassana. 
Pelecanus bassanus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 217°. 
Sula bassana, A. O. U. Check-l. N. Amer. Birds, p. 41’; Ridgway, Man. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. 
p- 76°; Ogilvie Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 425 '. 
Alba, pileo colloque stramineo-fulvo tinctis; tectricibus alarum albis; ala spuria et primariis brunnescenti- 
nigris, secundariis tamen albis; cauda alba; rectricibus duodecim, nigris ; gula nuda nigra: rostro pallide 
cyanescenti-griseo, basin versus viridescente; regione nuda oculari et rostri lineis nigris ; pedibus 
brunnescenti-nigris, scutis pallide viridescenti-cyaneis vel lete smaragdinis, unguibus albicantibus ; iride 
flavescenti-alba. Long. tota circa 34:0, alee 19-0, caude 7-5, culm. 3°75, tarsi 2°25. (Deser. ad. \ex 
St. Kilda. Mus. Brit.) 
® ad. mari similis. 
Juv. Fumoso-brunnea, plumis maculis albis triangularibus terminatis, pileo colloque undique albo minute 
lineolatim maculatis; abdomine et pectore albo marmoratis, plumis plus minusve celatim albis, brunneo 
terminatis. (Descr. exemp]. ex Anglia meridionali. Mus. Brit.) 
Hab. Nortn America, Atlantic coast, from the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to 
the Gulf of Mexico?.—Coasts or Western Europe, N. Arrica, MADE!RA, AND 
Canary Is. 
The European Gannet is said to wander in winter to the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico, 
and we therefore include it in our list. The species breeds in various places on the 
coasts of Canada and the United States. 
2. Sula cyanops. 
Dysporus cyanops, Sundev. Phys. Tidskr. Lund, i. p. 218, t. 5 (1837) *. 
Sula cyanops, Grayson, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 3027; Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H.i. p. 316°; 
A, O. U. Check-l. N. Amer. Birds, p. 40*; Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 75°; 
Ogilvie Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvi. p. 480°; Anthony, Auk, xv. pp. 314°, 316°, 317’. 
Alba, alis brunneis; tectricibus alarum medianis et inajoribus saturate brunneis, primariis nigricanti-brunneis ; 
cauda saturate brunnea; gula summa et facie laterali antica nudis, linea plumosa gulari fere quadrata: rostro 
corneo, viridescenti-griseo vel viridescenti-flavo; regione nuda gulari et oculari schistaceis vel cyanescenti- 
nigris ; pedibus schistaceis ; iride flava*. Long. tota circa 35:0, alee 18-0, caude 7:0, culm. 4°35, tarsi 2°5. 
(Descr. exempl. ad. ex Ins. Norfolk. Mus. Brit.) 
* Mr. Ogilvie Grant rightly points out that in the varying colours recorded for this species due allowance 
is not always made for the age of the birds, and it is evident that the soft parts vary considerably according to 
whether the individual is young or old (cf. Cat. Birds, xxvi. p. 431). 
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Aves, Vol. IIL., May 1901. 19 
