bo 
bo 
bo 
ANATIDZ. 
FULIGULA. 
Fuligula, Stephens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool. xii. pt. 2, p. 187 (1824); Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. 
Xxvil. p. 354 (1895). 
The Scaup-Ducks may be distinguished from the Pochards, to which they are closely 
allied, by the shape of the bill, which is distinctly wider at the tip than it is at 
the base. 
Of the five species known, four inhabit the Northern Hemisphere, and three of these 
occur in winter within our limits; the fifth is peculiar to New Zealand and the 
adjacent Auckland and Chatham Islands. 
1. Fuligula marila. 
Anas marila, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 196°. 
Fuliz marila, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 815°; Baird, Brewer, & Ridgw. Water- 
Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 18°. 
Fuligula marila, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 899‘; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XXVli. p. 855°. 
Aythya marila nearctica, Stejneger, Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, p. 161°; A. O. U. Check-l. N. 
Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 53°. 
Supra nigra, nigro alboque minute vermiculata, uropygio et supracaudalibus nigris ; pileo et capitis lateribus 
cum collo superiore oleaceo-viridi nitentibus; primariorum tectricibus et primariis extimis saturate 
cinerascenti-brunneis, primariis interioribus extus albis, apicem versus fuscioribus ; secundariis extimis 
albis, fusco terminatis, his intimis, scapularibus longioribus et tectricibus majoribus brunnescenti-nigris, 
tectricibus reliquis saturate brunneis, albo vermiculatis ; corpore reliquo subtus albo, abdomine imo nigro 
marmorato ; prepectore nigro; subalaribus et axillaribus albis, marginalibus fusco variegatis; cauda 
nigricante: rostro pallide plumbeo, apice nigro ; pedibus plumbeis; iride flava. Long. tota circa 18:0, 
alee 9°3, caudee 2:9, culm. 1°8, tarsi 1-4. (Descr. maris adulti ex Massachusetts. Mus. nostr.) 
3S in ptilosi vera estiva vix a femina adulta distinguenda. 
Q. Supra saturate brunnea, dorso et scapularibus vix albo vermiculatis ; capite, collo et praepectore rufescenti- 
brunneis, pileo antico et mento albis; corpore reliquo subtus albo, abdomine imo et subcaudalibus 
brunneis, plumis albido terminatis ; ala sicut in mari colorata, sed tectricibus alarum vix albo vermiculatis : 
rostro et pedibus ut in mari picturatis, sed saturatioribus. Long. tota circa 18°0, alw 8:5, caude 2:5, 
culm, 1:8, tarsi 1-4. (Descr. femine adulte ex Corpus Christi, Texas. Mus. nostr.) 
Juv. feminz adulte similis, sed saturatius et clarius colorata. 
Hab. Norta America, breeding far north®’, extending south in winter.—MExico, 
Mazatlan (Grayson 2),—NortHern Evrore and Asia, from Iceland to Kamtschatka, 
wintering to the southward. 
The Common Scaup of North America has been separated as a distinct race from its 
European representative ; but Count Salvadori considers that there is only one species, 
F. marila, common to the northern portions of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. 
It breeds far to the north and wanders south in winter. Ff. marila is said to be found 
at Mazatlan, in Western Mexico, during the winter months; but as the present 
species aud F. affinis have often been confounded by ornithologists, this state- 
ment may be considered as somewhat doubtful. A specimen has been recorded from 
Guatemala, but this was probably referable to F. affinis. 
