CLANGULA. 225 
CLANGULA. 
Clangula, Leach, in Ross’s Voyage Expl. Baffin’s Bay, App. p. xlviii (1819) ; Salvad. Cat. Birds 
Brit. Mus. xxvii. p. 376 (1895). 
The Golden-eyes have a shorter and stouter bill than the species of Nyroca and 
Fuligula, the depth of the upper mandible at the base being equal to more than half 
the length of the culmen, the outline of which is only very slightly concave. 
The three known species inhabit the Northern Hemisphere—two, C. glaucion and 
C. albeola, occurring in winter within our limits. 
1. Clangula glaucion. 
Anas glaucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 201°. 
Clangula glaucion, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 401 >. Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxvii. 
-p. 376°. 
Bucephala americana, Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 315°. 
Clangula glaucion americana, Baird, Brewer, & Ridgw. Water-Birds N. Amer. ii. p. 44’. 
‘Glaucionetta clangula americana, A. O. U. Check-l. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 54°. 
Clangula clangula, Sharpe, Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 224". 
Supra nigra, scapularibus externis albis, harum longioribus nigro marginatis; alis brunnescenti-nigris, tectricibus 
et sccundariis medianis albis, plagam magnam albam formantibus ; pileo paullo cristato colloque summo 
nigris viridi nitentibus; plaga conspicua anteoculari alba; prepectore et corpore subtus reliquo albis, 
hypochondriis nigro marginatis ; abdomine laterali cinerascenti-brunneo, plumis albo terminatis ; sub- 
alaribus et axillaribus saturate cinerascenti-brunneis ; cauda nigricante: rostro cyanescenti-nigro ; 
pedibus aurantiaco-flavis ; iride flava. Long. tota circa 18-0, ale 8-9, caude 4:0, culm. 1:4, tarsi 1-45. 
(Descr. maris adulti ex Canada. Mus. nostr.) 
3 in ptilosi estiva feminina femine adulte: similis, sed ala albo notata distinguenda. 
@. Supra nigricans, interscapulio, scapularibus et tectricibus alarum pallide griseo marginatis; tectricibus 
medianis grisescenti-cinereis, albo terminatis, minime pure albis; capite et collo superiore rufescenti- 
brunneis, collo imo grisescenti-albo ; corpore subtus albo, pectore summo et corporis lateribus grises- 
centibus: rostro brunnescente vel flavido, apice nigro ; pedibus et iride sicut in mari coloratis. Long. 
tota circa 17:0, ale 7°7, caudee 3°4, culm. 1:35, tarsi 1-45. (Descr. feminz adulte ex Massachusetts. 
Mus. nostr.) 
Juv. feminz adult similis, sed coloribus sordidioribus distinguenda. 
Hab. Norva America, breeding from Maine and the British Provinces northward °.— 
Mexico, Mazatlan (Grayson *).—Cupa?*.—Nortuern Europe AnD NorTHERN 
Asta, breeding in the Arctic and Subarctic Regions, as far south as Pomerania 
and the Caucasus 3, occurring in winter in Asia Minor, Persia, North-western 
India, China, and Japan °. 
This species breeds in the northern parts of both hemispheres, and migrates south 
‘+n winter. The American Golden-eye has been often recorded as distinct from the 
Palearctic form, being slightly larger; but Count Salvadori, our greatest authority on 
the Ducks, does not consider that the two can be separated, even as races. 
C. glaucion has been met with in Cuba in winter, and it is said by Grayson to be 
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Aves, Vol. III., March 1902. 29 
