242 PERISTERIDZ. 
ZENAIDURA. 
Zenaidura, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 84 (1854); Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 373 (1893). 
In this genus the scapulars and innermost upper wing-coverts are spotted with 
black, and the tail consists of fourteen feathers. The bill is of moderate size and 
almost straight, whereas in Nesopelia, of the Galapagos, it is longer and much bent 
downwards. 
Three species of Zenaidura are known, one being the widely-spread Z. carolinensis 
of North America, and the other two insular forms, viz. Z. clarionensis of Clarion 
Island and Z. graysoni of Socorro Island *. 
1. Zenaidura carolinensis. — 
Columba carolinensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 286°. 
Zenaidura carolinensis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 847; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309°; 1858, p. 305°; 
1859, pp. 869°, 891°; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 2227; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 227°; Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. N, Y. ix. p. 189°; Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 304%; Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
no. 4, p. 44"; Dugés, La Nat. i. p.141; v. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 872"; Salv. P.Z.S. 
1870, p. 217"; Ibis, 1889, p. 377°; Baird, Brewer, & Ridgw. N. Am. Birds, iii. p. 383” ; 
Sumichr. La Nat. v. p. 231 7, Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43°; Belding, Pr. U.S. Nat. 
Mus. vi. p. 344°; Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 389”; Herrera, An. Mus. Nac. Mex. 
i. p. 105”; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xxi. p. 874”. 
Columba macroura, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 164 (1758) *. 
Zenaidura macrura, Ferrari-Perez, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p.174™; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nae. Costa 
Rica, 1887, p. 128%; Herrera, La Nat. (2) i. pp. 185%, 3827; Cherrie, Auk, 1892, p. 329”; 
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. v. p. 34%; A. O. U. Check-l. N. Amer. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 121”; 
Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Birds, p. 189, t. 4. figs. 8, 9°; Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 
no. 14, p. 86”; Bangs, Auk, xviii. p. 358”. 
Columba marginata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 286; Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 519 °°. 
Supra brunnescens, seapularibus et secundariis intimis nigro conspicue maculatis ; tectricibus alarum cineraceo 
lavatis, majoribus cum ala spuria et tectricibus primariorum cineraceis; remigibus sepiariis, extus cinereis, 
primariis anguste albo limbatis; supracaudalibus et rectricibus medianis brunneis cinereo lavatis, his 
reliquis cinereis, externis fere albis, omnibus fascia nigra mediana notatis; pileo et collo postico pulchre 
cinereis; fronte et vertice antica, pilei lateribus et facie laterali venuste vinaceis ; fascia parva subauri- 
culari nigra ; colli lateribus plaga metallice rosaceo-cuprea ornatis ; mento et gula summa albidis; corpore 
reliquo subtus vinacescente; abdomine et subcaudalibus magis ochrascentibus, his pallidioribus; sub- 
alaribus, axillaribus, corporis lateribus et tibiis pulchre cinereis ; remigibus intus quoque cinereis: rostro 
* A supposed fourth species is :— 
- Zenaidura yucatanensis. 
Zenaidura yucatanensis, Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 207'; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 312°; Sanchez, An, Mus. 
Nac. Mex. i. p. 105°; Ridgw. Auk, i. p. 96%; Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, xxi. p, 373, note’. 
Hab. Mexico, Merida in Yucatan (Schott ’). 
Count Salvadori > examined the type of this species, which was lent to him by the United States National 
Museum, and he agrees with Messrs. Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, in their ‘ North American Birds,’ that the 
specimen, still the only one known, is a hybrid between Zenadura carolinensis and Zenaida yucatanensis, 
