x INTRODUCTION. 
(Leipzig, 1886), in which remarks on the land and freshwater Mollusca of various 
localities are to be found, pp. 47 (Lake of Amatitlan), 53 (City of Guatemala), 
63 (Cerro Quemado), 198, 199 (district Cholhuitz), 461 (Izabal), and 472 (Livingston). 
The ninety-three shells he collected, kindly entrusted to me for determination, form an 
essential and important part of the material available for this work. Some of them I 
had previously described in ‘Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender 
Freunde zu Berlin,’ 1886, p. 161, and 1887, p. 106. The drawings of the living 
animal made by him have been reproduced on our Plates ; fortunately, we are enabled 
to represent nearly all the more important genera in this manner. 
Grorce C. Cuampion collected in Guatemala, in 1879-81, chiefly in Vera Paz, 
where also ConrADT obtained a number of shells, some of these latter having been 
acquired by the Editors of the present work and others by the Berlin Museum. 
HONDURAS. 
The land-shells collected in Honduras by Dyson were described by Dr. Pfeiffer in 
the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London’ for 1846 and 1851, some of 
them subsequently finding their way into the more important German collections. 
Others obtained by the Swedish pharmacist Justus Hsatmarson, about 1858, were 
partly dealt with by Dunker in the same year, these being now in the Berlin Museum. 
The Island of Utila has been malacologically explored by Mr. Cuarues T. Simpson : 
see Ancey, in the ‘ Annales de Malacologie,’ i. p. 237 (1886). 
NICARAGUA. 
Various land-shells from Nicaragua, principally from the neighbourhood of 
Realejos, and found by H. Cumine in 1827, have been recorded, and specimens 
from this country are to be found in the principal collections. Several interesting 
Unionide from the Lake of Nicaragua were described in 1847 and 1848, in the 
‘Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, by R. A. Philippi, who received them from the 
French collector Lar@inLiert (the original specimens seem to have been lost), and 
others, in 1868, by Isaac Lea, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia, these latter having been obtained from the botanist Bripeus (see 
Lea, Observ. Gen. Unio, xii. p. 56). Dr. A. S. Girsrep obtained three species of land 
and five of freshwater shells in Nicaragua, which were described by Dr. Mérch in 
