LITTORINA.: 579 
near to places frequented by a terrestrial shell, Strophia maritima, Pfr., on the Island 
of Cuba [Archiv fiir Naturg. v. p. 353 (1839)}]. Krebs12 also states that it is always 
found above high-water mark, 
Adanson (Voyage au Sénégal, 1757) describes and figures this species as found on 
the shores of Senegambia, but no subsequent traveller or collector has found it on the 
African coast, so far as I am aware; this record, therefore, requires confirmation. 
IT. Lrrrorinopsis, Morch. 
2. Littorina angulifera. 
Cochlea fortiter et dense striata, Lister, Hist. Conch. iii. t. 583. fig. 37 (1688) °. 
Helix scabra (L.), Chemnitz, Syst. Conch.-Cab. xi. p- 283, t. 210. figg. 2074, 2075”. 
Littorina scabra, Pfeiffer, Archiv f. Naturg. 1840, p. 254°; d’Orbigny, in Sagra’s Hist. fis. polit. 
y nat. de Cuba, Mol. p. 116, t. 15. figg. 15-177. 
Turbo striatus, Schumacher, Essai Syst. Test. p. 193°. 
Phasianella angulifera, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert. éd. 1, vii. p. 24 (1822) °; éd. 2, 
par Deshayes, ix. p. 2457. 
Littorina angulifera, Philippi, Abbild. neuer Conch. ii. p. 223, t. 5. figg. 12-15 (1847)°; Dunker, 
Index Moll. Guin. p. 13, t. 2. figg. 38, 39°; Morch, Malak. Blatt. xxiii. p- 137 (1876); 
Troschel, Gebiss der Schunecken, i. p. 132, t. 10. fig. 17 (radula) *; Weinkauff, in Martini 
& Chemnitz, Syst. Conch.-Cab. ed. 2, Litorina, p. 39, t. 4. figg. 13-15 * (nec L. angulifera, 
Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, which =Z. scabra, L., Phil.). 
Litorina ahenea, Reeve, Conch. Icon. x., Litorina, t. 3. figg. 15 b, ¢™. 
Littorina scabra, var. lineata (Gmel.), Tryon, Manual of Conch. ix. p. 248, t. 42. figg. 12,13 
(copied from d’Orbigny), and 15, 16 (copied from Philippi) “. 
With crowded impressed spiral strive ; brownish, with grey or darker brown waved streaks and spots. The 
angular spiral ridge or keel near the base of the shell (from which this species takes its name) often 
nearly obsolete, and never so prominent as in the East-Indian L. scabra. 
Hab. Yucatan (Uhde, in Mus. Berol.). 
(East) Guaremata (Conradt, in Mus. Berol.). 
Honpuras (Philippi 8). 
East Costa Rica: Puerto Limon (Bvolley). 
Common in the West-Indian Islands: Cuba (Pfeiffer®, d@ Orbigny*+, Gundlach), 
Jamaica (Lister, Verkriizen), Puerto Rico and St. Thomas (Krebs, Riise, 
Verkriizen), Guadaloupe (Beau), Martinique (Rang & Hotessier). 
Also occurs on the coast of Florida (Zhomson) and in the Bermudas (Tristram, 1861). 
On the West Coast of Africa it is known from Senegal (Mion, in Mus. Berol. ; 
Reeve 18), Ilha de Principe (H. Dohrn), Loanda (Tams°®, Falkenstein, Mus. 
Berol.). 
On piles and old wood close to the shore (reds). It is the Atlantic representative 
of the East-Indian L. scabra (L.), Phil. (= Buccinum foliorum, Rumph, 1705), which 
lives on the stems, branches, and leaves of mangroves. . : 
Philippi® was the first conchologist who discriminated, described, and figured the 
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