LITTORINA. 581 
Littorina bicarinata (Wood), Morch, Malak. Blatt. vii. p. 69 (1860-61) *. 
Littorina variegata, Kydoux et Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. ii. p. 560, t. 31. figg. 40-4.2 °. 
Littorina varia (Sow.), var., Tryon, Manual of Conch. ix. p. 246, t. 43. figg. 45 (copied from 
Reeve), 46 (copied from Eydoux and Souleyet) *°. 
Broadly ovato-conical, slightly angulated and excavated below the Suture, sculptured by slight spiral ridges, 
grey, with reddish or brown zigzag streaks. 
Hab. N.W. Mexico: Mazatlan, very rare (Melchers?, Reigen®). 
SaLVvaDoR: from brackish water on the balsam coast (Hjalmarson, March 1853, in 
coll. Dunker). 
W. Costa Rica: Punta Arenas, on Rhizophore in company with L. pulchra (Cirsted °). 
S. Panama: Panama, with Z. varia, on the trunks and branches of small trees which 
were growing between half-tide and high-water levels (C. B. Adams‘). 
Also found in Colombia—Tumaco (Hopke, in Mus. Berol.) ; Ecuador—Puna, near 
Guayaquil (Eydoux & Souleyet®), and Balao (Stiibel, in Mus. Berol.); and 
N. Peru—Tumbez (Cuming 3). 
Turbo bicarinatus, Wood [Index Testaceorum, Suppl. t. 6. fig. 47 (1828)], which is 
quoted as the oldest name for this species by Dr. Mérch 8, differs very much in outline 
from L. fasciata, the figure representing a shell with two distinct spiral keels; it may 
be an abnormal specimen ? 
5, Littorina pulchra. 
Littorina pulchra (Swainson), Sowerby, Genera of Shells, part xxxvii. t. 228. figg. 2 (shell), 
3 (operculum) (about 1831) ', =Reeve, Conch. Syst. i. t. 222. figg. 2, 3°; Griffith, in 
Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, xii. p. 54, t. 1. figg. 3 (1834) ° ; Philippi, Abbild. neuer Conch. 
ii. p. 10, t. 1. fig. 1*; C. B. Adams, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. York, v. p. 398 (1852) °; 
Morch, Malak. Blatt. vii. p. 68 (1860) °; Reeve, Conch. Icon. x., Litorina, t. 3. fig. 17" ; 
Tryon, Manual of Conch. ix. p. 246, t. 43. fig. 47 (copied from Reeve) *; Weinkauff, in 
Martini & Chemnitz, Syst. Conch.-Cab. ed. 2, Litorina, p. 49, t. 6. figg. 6, 7°. 
Turbo pulchra, Swainson, Treat. of Malac. p. 207, fig. 39 (1840) ». 
Turbo zebra, Donovan, Naturalist’s Repository, iii. t. 131 (1834) ". 
Solid, broadly ovate, of a reddish-brown colour, with black zigzag streaks ; aperture dull orange. 
Hab. W. Costa Rica: Punta Arenas, in the Gulf of Nicoya (C. Hoffmann, in Mus. 
Berol.; Biolley, in Mus. Neufchdtel ; Grsted). 
S. Panama: Panama, on mangrove-trees in a very dense thicket, which was growing 
from a soil of black unctuous mud, a little below high-water mark (C. B. Adams®*). 
Occurs also in Colombia—Tumaco (Hopke & Deybrich, in Mus. Berol.); 5. Peru— 
Arica (Stibel, in Mus. Berol.). 
6. Littorina nebulosa. 
Phasianella nebulosa, Lam. Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert. éd. 1, vil. p. 54 *; éd. 2, par Deshayes, 
ix. p. 244°; Delessert, Recueil des Coquilles de Lamarck, t. 37. fig. 12°. 
