VOL, Ill. | Recent Literature. 2471 
R. H. Lawrence contributes ‘‘ Further Notes on Birds of the Gray’s 
Harbor Region, Washington,” with annotation on about forty 
species. ‘‘ Birds of Southwestern New Mexico,” by A. W. An- 
thony, has brief notices of 127 species and subspecies. 
In General Notes, Ereunetes occidentalis is recorded from Con- 
necticut; Coccyzus americanus occidentalis from Clarke County, 
Washington; Vireo olivaceus inhabiting British Columbia and Wash- 
ington. Mr. Lucas makes an interesting item concerning the 
raising of English sparrows by electric light. This pest having 
been seen catching insects at night about an electric light and carry- 
ing them to their young. ‘Raising vegetables,’’ he says “ by 
electric light may be'a good thing, but raising English sparrows in 
this manner is of more than doubtful utility.’’ W.E.B. 
In the Scientific Memoirs of Medical Officers of the Army of India, . 
edited by W. R. Rice, Calcutta, 1892, part vil, we find five differ- 
ent papers on intestinal worms infesting horses, sheep and man. 
The first paper is by G. M. F. Giles on Some Observations on the 
Life History of Sclerostomum tetracanthum Diessing. This intestinal 
parasite is a strongyloid nematode closely related to Dochmius duo- 
denalis, which infests the human system. Sclerostomum tetracan- 
thum, isa small worm about half aninch in length, but as itoccurs in 
enormous quantities—several buckets full having been taken from a 
single horse—it causes grave disorders and generally death. The 
disease caused by this parasite is in India known as “ Surra,” in 
Europe as epizooty, and appears to be prevalent at times in almost 
every county in the world. 
Sclerostomum infests only the upper half of the large intestine, 
the ova only being dropped with the dung. The eggs develop only 
under the influence of rain and moisture, producing a tiny, white 
and semi-stransparent worm, the Rhabdite-stage of the parasite in 
question. These Rhabdite worms feed and live in the dung until 
they become sexually fertile when they proceed to grass and weeds. 
This transition can only be accomplished under the influence of rain 
or abundent moisture under any form, The mature male Rhabditis 
attains a length of 1.7 mm., two-ninths of the length being occupied 
by the body proper, the remaining seven-ninths consisting of a 
long hair-like tail. The female Rhabditis attains a length of 2.25 
mm., but is otherwise cimilar to: the-male., One. oF mors genera- 
tions are produced by this stage: Finally the ova of the Rhabdite 
