286 Contributions to Western Botany. [zor 
son of my many specimens from Southern and also Eastern Utah and 
Colorado shows that the distinctions relied upon by Watson to sep- 
arate the two species are valueless, while the ‘‘ mephitic” odor was 
doubtless due to the animal rather than the vegetable kingdom. 
The following characters will fit my suites of specimens. Leaves 
1¥% inches long, from rhomboidal obovate to spatulate, acute, apicu- 
late or retuse: stipules persistent or caducous, the larger ones 1 inch 
long, ovate, obtuse, and persistent, the smaller ones % inch long, 
ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a long acumination and 
caducous; stems none to 4 inches long; petioles 2 to 6 inches long; 
peduncles shorter than the leaves; bracts ovate, scarious, obtuse to 
abruptly contracted and with a long acumination, equaling the sca- | 
rious, inflated calyx and blue and white petals; calyx lobes linear to . 
_ lanceolate, acute or long acuminate; spikes 1 to 3 inches long; pe- 
duncles 1 to 4 inches long and stout; pods lanceolate, glabrous below 
the middle and long villous above it; roots very deep and apparently 
tuberous, but really woody and all connected underground; whole 
plant densely pubescent, with short or long hairs, upper side of 
leaves less so or glabrous. Grows in patches either in sandy places 
or on rocky slopes in dry places; flowers in May. 
AsTRAGALUS. Doubtless many have had much difficulty in de- 
termining species in this genus from the flowers alone; at least I 
have found it exasperatingly so, and, as the pods are often not 
to be had when the flowers are seen, and as the flowers have been 
almost ignored, I began some years ago to study the flowers with 
a view to determine if they had any specific value, and with good 
results; how good cannot yet be determined fully. 
I find that the arching of the banner and its shape are valuable, 
the shape of the sulcus in the banner, the shape of the white spot 
on the banner ina general way, and the backward folding of the 
sides of the banner are valuable; the shape and length, as well as 
the position of the wings, are valuable. Often the wings are con- 
cave to the keel or flat, horizontal, or arched upwards, connivent 
over the keel or with the blade edgewise to it, and so like the out- 
spread wings of insects. The shape of the keel, its arching and 
tip, are also of value in separating species. I find little or no diffi- 
culty in separating species by these characters in conjunction with 
the leavés. Whether they are of value in making sections I doubt, 
