PARAWIXIA.—CYCLOSA. 491 
scape (see figure), The abdomen (which is faded) bears thirteen conical tubercles, as in P. tredecim- 
notata. . 
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith 1). 
9. Parawixia rigida. (Tab. XLVI. figg. 18, 18 a-c, 2.) 
Epeira rigida, O, P.-Cambr. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 36, t. 5. figg. 5, 5a-c (¢)’. 
Type, 2, in coll. Godman & Salvin. Total length 11°5 millim. 
Both rows of eyes decidedly recurved ; the laterals subequal, the anteriors not, as in most of the allied species, 
larger. The legs are very similar, both in colour and spinulation, to those of P. destricta, but the two 
rings on femora i. and ii. are apical and basal, the latter only on the sides on i., while on iii. and iv. 
there are three, and also three on the tibiz and protarsi of all four pairs. The vulva is characteristic, 
short and broad basally, gradually tapering to form a long narrow scapus, which is slightly dilate 
towards the apex and abruptly narrowed to a blunt point; in profile it presents a sinuous outline. 
The cephalic region as far as, and involving, the thoracic pit is deeply suffused with black. The abdomen 
(which is faded) bears five conical tubercles only—a pair at the anterior shoulders, and three at the apex, 
the median one being very small. 
Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion '). 
CYCLOSA. 
Cyclosa, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. p. 73 (1866). 
Turckheimia, O. P.-Cambridge, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arachn. Aran. i. p. 46 (1889). 
Type of Cyclosa, C. conica (De Geer) = C. conica (Pallas), 1772, Europe; of Turckheimia, T. nodosa, 
O. P.-Cambr., Guatemala. 
3g. Coxa i. with a conspicuous hook, and femur ii. with a groove. Coxa and femur of pedipalp with coniform 
spur and chitinous ridge respectively. Coxa iv. (in the type species) with two spines. Tibia ii. scarcely 
incrassate, bearing a single row of three specialized spines on the inner side and three below. Patella of 
pedipalp with a single apical spine ; tarsal sheath with a chitinous uncus. 
3 & &. Posterior central eyes almost in contact, central quadrangle narrower behind, eyes subequal. 
Lateral eye-groups set on prominent tubercles, projecting well in advance of the mandibles, anterior 
centrals also prominent. Both rows recurved. 
9. Cephalic region separated from the thoracic by a deep semicircular groove, the latter portion being 
raised. Vulva consisting of a short, slender scapus (of variable form in the different species), with the 
lateral sclerites well-developed. 
It is by no means easy to find reliable characters for the separation of the typical 
forms of Cyclosa from others usually referred to Aranea; and as Simon (Hist. 
Nat. Araign. édit. 2, i. p. 829) refers C. lacerta, O. P.-Cambr., and Turckheimia 
walckenaeri, O. P.-Cambr., to this genus, there can be no possible grounds for 
separating the other species belonging to these two genera under a group-name 
Cyclosee. The females of 7. walckenaeri, which Simon definitely removes from 
the Cyclosee, exhibit very strongly the “ profond sillon entier et semicirculaire” on 
which this author bases his separation of the Cycloseze from other allied groups. 
This character is, however, found in the female sex only. It is possible that the 
spiders included under Turckheimia, may eventually prove to be separable as a genus 
distinct from Cyclosa, but I can at present find no characters really reliable for this 
purpose, and I leave them all under the older generic name. 
3 Rf 2 
