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SCOKPIONES. 



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throughout 



Central 



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This species is widely distributed 

 examples vaguely ticketed Mexico, the British Museum has representatives from the 



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above-mentioned localities in that region, as well as others from Caracas (Dr. 



of 



7" 



Under the name C. heterurus, which, according to Kraepelm, is a synonym 

 C. gracilis, Karsch has recorded it from Jamaica, Havana, Caracas, and Honduras. 











When more material from the various localities is available for 



it is 



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probable that many local races or subspecies will be discovered, especially when adults 



of both sexes are to hand for examination. For example, the above- 



and 



young 



described specimens from Honduras are alike in colour in the two sexes, as also are a 

 number of specimens from Caracas. On the other hand, there is often considerable 

 sexual diversity of colouring, the males having the legs bright yellow *. 



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12. Centruroides rubricauda. 



Centrums rubricauda, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. 



Nat. Hist. (7) i. p. 389 (1898) l ; Kraepelin, Das 









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Tierr., Scorpiones et Pedipalpi, p. 93 (1899) 





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lighter thau the trunk 



Nearly allied to C. gracilis. Trunk, legs, and chelaB in female alike in colour and deep brown ; chelae of male 

 also deep brown, with reddish hand as in female, but the legs uniformly clear yellow and contrasting 

 strongly with the darker tint of the trunk ; tail in both sexes a uniform deep reddish olive-brown, much 



; ventral surface deep blackish-brown in female, and with maxillary processes of 

 first and second legs black, paler in male, with maxillary processes deeply infuscate at apices. Carapace 

 in female longer than second or third, as long as fourth, and almost as long as fifth caudal segment, or as 

 the movable finger. Tail about five and a half times as long as carapace ; the crests granular, but the 

 granules fewer in number and less closely set than in 0. gracilis, there being only about 20 along the inferior 

 lateral keel of the fifth as opposed ,to about 25 or 30 in C. gracilis, and from 15 to 19 on that of the third 

 segment as opposed is 25 in C. gracilis ; vesicle shaped much as in the latter, but the aculeus more 

 abruptly bent backwards from the base ; in the male also the vesicle is more parallel-sided, with the 

 shoulders more pronounced and rectangular and less sloping. Chelae as in C. gracilis, but the crests 



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much less strongly granular. Pectinal teeth 20-21, $ ; 21-23, <J . 

 Measurements in mm. — $ . Total length 80, carapace 8*5 ; tail 51, second segment 7*3, fifth 9. c? . Total 



length 103, carapace 9 ; tail 71, second caudal segment 11*3, fifth 13*3. 



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Hab. Costa Eica, Managua (Br. Rothschuh 





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r* Notes on synonymy. — Latreille was the first to point out that the scorpion from America, identified by 

 De Geer as Scorpio australis of Linnaeus, is specifically distinct from that species ; and by an examination of 

 De Geer's type Thorell established its probable identity with the form described by Lucas as S. biaculeatus. 



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I have followed Kraepelin in regarding Centruroides mulatinus and C. congener, two Mexican forms, as referable 

 to this species rather than to C. margaritatus on the strength of the blackness of the fingers as compared with 

 the hand and the rest of the chelaB ; but this feature, it must be remembered, is common to all the species 

 with nine rows of teeth on the fingers. No locality is known for C. nebulosus, which is also included on account 























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of its black fingers. The species described as Atreus sayi by Girard, and based upon examples from Pensacola 

 in Florida, Wood declared to be specifically identical with C. biaculeatus. This opinion may be correct ; but 

 since Wood includes S. edwardsii and S. de geerii in his synonymy of C. biaculeatus, his verdict is open to 







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suspicion. Moreover, he points out that the Florida specimen differs in certain structural points from more 

 southern examples. This, if true, attests, at least, a subspecific distinctness between the two. Kraepelin's 

 inclusion of C. nigrifrons of Berthold, the type of which was from Popayan in Colombia, is presumably 

 justified by an examination of the original specimens in the Gottingen Museum. 



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