1922 ] Setchell,—Cape Cod and the Marine Flora 3 
In the paragraphs just quoted, Farlow has clearly stated the general 
relation of Cape Cod to the marine florae of New England. It is 
clearly the dividing point, but not exact in separating the northern 
from the southern flora. There are certain species passing over it 
. from north to south and certain other species passing over it from 
south to north. He adds by way of explanation that the southern 
species are found in “a few sheltered localities north of Cape Cod” and 
that the northern species occur “in a few exposed spots south of the 
cape." As examples of the latter he mentions Gay Head, Mass- 
achusetts, and Montauk Point on the eastern extremity of Long Island. 
He also speaks of Block Island as well as Gay Head as having cold 
waters and speaks of a characteristic northern species (Ptilota serrata) 
as occurring in reduced form at the Thimble Islands, near New Haven 
in Long Island Sound. As to “sheltered localities north of Cape Cod,” 
he describes particularly Goose Cove, in the town of Gloucester, near 
the village of Squam, and makes the remark:—“ If we compare the 
exceptional cases of Goose Cove in the north with Gay Head and 
Montauk in the south, it seems to be the rule that wherever the water 
is cold enough, we meet arctic species, and wherever it is warm enough 
we have Long Island species, regardless of the remoteness of localities 
where the species naturally abound, and as far as we know, of the 
absence of currents to transport the spores” (loc. cit., p. 7). 
Finally, I may call attention to the remarks of Farlow (loc. cit., p. 6) 
contrasting the general aspects of the two florae on the New England 
coast. They are as follows:—“ If north of Boston the principal feature 
of the marine vegetation is the enormous mass of large Fuci and 
Phaeosporeae, the Florideae forming an insignificant part of the flora, 
the chief feature of the flora south of Cape Cod is the preponderance 
of Florideae and the comparative insignificance of the Fuci and 
Phaeosporeae". I may add that later studies have emphasized this 
distinction and have shown that the larger Fuci and Phaeosporeae 
associations found south of Cape Cod, occur without exception at 
colder spots and may be looked upon as invasions from the north. 
Frank S. Collins, who was long identified with the study of the 
marine algae of New England and whose knowledge of its species and 
their habits far surpassed that of any other botanist, made many 
contributions towards determining the exact relation of Cape Cod 
to the marine florae of the coast on which itissituated. Besides many 
papers relating to new species, species new to the coast of New England, 
