1922] Fernald,—Polypodium virginianum and P. vulgare ` 137 
several herbarium-sheets show them variously mixed under one num- 
ber and intergradient individuals are numerous. 
Var. COMMUNE Milde, Fil. Eu. Atl. 18 (1867). P. vulgare (typical).— 
Frond lanceolate, of firm texture, 0.7-2.5 dm. long, 3-9 em. broad; 
with subacute to obtuse oblong crenate or minutely serrulate pinnae, 
the longer 1.5-4.5 em. long, 0.4-1 em. broad.—Northern and central 
Europe; Alaska to Oregon. The following are characteristic. ALASKA: 
rocks, Nagai Island, Shumagin Islands, July 27, 1872, M. W. 
Harrington; near the Mission, Yakutat Bay, June 6, 1892, Funston, 
no. 13; Sitka, Bongard, Bischoff; trail to the lakes, Skagway, July 20, 
1914, Eastwood, no. 798. WASHINGTON: moss on trees, Quiniault 
Valley, June 20, 1902, H. S. Conard, no. 107; Castle Rock, Cowlitz 
Co., October 31, 1902, Piper. OnEGoN: Hood River, Wasco Co., 
May 26, 1910, Heller, no. 10,095; Elk Rock, Multnomah Co., No- 
vember 24, 1902, E. P. Sheldon, no. 11,342; Calapooya Valley, 
Douglas Co., July 26, 1899, M. A. Barber, no. 122. 
The extreme of the var. commune with the pinnae strongly rounded 
at tip is sometimes distinguished as forma rotundatum Milde, Gef äss- 
Crypt. Schlesien, 631 (1858). Var. rotundatum Milde, Fil. Eu. Atl. 
18 (1867). In publishing var. rotundatum Milde made it perfectly 
clear that the plant of Alaska with round-tipped pinnae was in his 
mind, giving the range: “Nog raro in Europa bor.—Unalaschka. 
Kadjak. Sitcha.” 
Var. COLUMBIANUM Gilbert, Working List N. A. Pterid. 19,38 (1901). 
—Frond firm, narrowly oblong, 0.5-2 dm. long, 2-4.2 em. broad: the 
7-18 pairs of mostly alternate round-tipped obscurely to deeply 
crenate pinnae oblong-elliptical to narrowly obovate, the median 
and lower usually of about uniform length; the longer 1-2 cm. long, 
0.5-1.2 em. broad.—Var rotundatum E. G. Britton, Fern Bull. vii. 
35 (1899), not Milde. P. hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 
xiii. 200 (1900). Var. hesperium (Maxon) Nelson & Macbride, Bot. 
Gaz. lxi. 30 (1916).—In the mountains, British Columbia to Montana 
and the Black Hills of South Dakota, south to Colorado, Utah and 
Oregon. The following are characteristic. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Fraser 
River, Wallace; within five miles of Lillooet, July, 1916, J. M. Macoun, 
nos. 93,250, 93,251. Montana: Big Fork, July 24, 1908, Mrs. J. 
Clemens. WyoMING: dry granite cliffs, Crow Creek, Albany Co., 
July 8, 1903, A. Nelson, no. 8902. CoronApo: Hardscrabble Canyon, 
Custer Co., August, 1898, H. M. M. Uram: Cottonwood Canyon, 
August, 1869, Watson, no. 1357. OrrGcon: basaltic cliffs, Bingham 
Springs, Umatilla River, July 17, 1908, Cusick, no. 3287. WASHING- 
TON: Wenatchie region, July, 1883, Brandegee, no. 1208; Stehekin, 
Lake Chelan, July 5, 1901, W'Aited, no. 1392; rocks, Cape Horn, 
