1922]  Fernald,—American Variations of Linnaea borealis 211 
var. americana as a species, L. americana; while later, by Piper & 
Beattie, all material of the northwest coast has been treated without 
distinction as var. longiflora. Again, certain plants from the lower 
St. Lawrence, on account of unusually long corollas (1.5 cm.) have 
been distributed as var. longiflora. In view of this diversity of inter- 
pretation the following statement of the essential characters of the 
three well defined American varieties may be of service. 
Corolla campanulate, 6-9 mm. long, flaring from well within 
the calyx, the tube very short: calyx-segments 1.5-2.7 
ud HAE o elei. meriti ir RN UR L. borealis (typical). 
Corolla more funnelform, flaring from above the calyx, its tube 
exserted. 
Calyx-segments 1.5-3 mm. long: corolla 8-15 mm. long... Var. americana. 
Calyx-segments 3-5 mm. long: corolla 10-16 mm. long....Var. longiflora. 
L. BOREALIS L. Sp. Pl. 631 (1753). L. serpyllifolia Rydb. Journ. 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. viii. 135 (1907).—Northern Eurasia; Alaska. The 
following Alaskan specimens are characteristic: Cape Nome, 1900, 
Blaisdell; Anvik, July 20, 1907, J. W. Chapman; lower Yukon, 1910, 
J. A. Kusche; Makushin Bay, Unalaska, July 14, 1907, E. C. Van 
Dyke, no. 39; Nazan Bay. Atka Island, July 28, 1907, Van Dyke, 
no. 278. 
In describing L. serpyllifolia, Rydberg stated that the Alaskan 
plant differs from L. borealis “in the very narrow [linear-subulate] 
almost glabrous calyx-lobes . . . smaller size [corolla about 6 
mm. long] of the flower and of the leaves [5-8 mm. long], and in the 
indistinct toothing of the latter." But surely much of the European 
plant has linear-subulate calyx-segments. Witness the detailed 
illustrations in Wittrock's exhaustive study? of variation in the 
European plant—for instance t. 6, figs. 9a and 25a, t. 7, fig. 11a, t. 8, 
figs. 10a and 29a, t. 9, fig. 13a, etc. etc. Similarly Wittrock recognizes 
in Europe six named forms with the corolla between 6 and 7 mm. 
long, and he defines the smaller-leaved forms of Europe with leaves 
as small as in the Alaskan plant, while such an illustration as his t. 
6, fig. 7, showing strictly entire leaves is convincing proof (hat (he 
Alaskan plant is not specifically separated by the “indistinct tooth- 
ing" of the leaves. Rydberg recognizes his L. serpyllifolia as appar- 
ently occuring “also . . . on the island of Sachalin." It is 
elsewhere in eastern Asia (Amur, Mazimowicz; Kamtchatka, Kus- 
mischscheff ; Transbaicalia, Turczaninow; Irkutsk, Haupt; etc.) and it 
1 Piper & Beattie, Fl. N. W. Coast, 338 (1915). 
? Wittrock, Linnaea borealis L. Species polymorpha et polychroma. Acta Horti 
Bergiani, iv. no. 7 (1907). 
