50 Rhodora [APRIL 
species. The name Cladiwm, then, as published by Browne was, 
unfortunately, a nomen nudum, which seems not to have been properly 
accompanied by a generic characterization until 1766 when Crantz! 
validated it by giving a generic description and citing a single species, 
C. jamaicense (published iamaicense). It was next properly taken 
up in 1806, when it was defined by Schrader? who included two 
species, C. germanicum (Schoenus Mariscus L.) of Europe and C. 
occidentale (Schoenus Cladium Sw.) of the West Indies. Subsequently 
the name Cladium has come into universal use and the name Mariscus 
Gaertn. (1788) has been generally maintained for a group closely 
allied to and only unsatisfactorily separated from Cyperus. It 
should be clear, however, that Cladium, which was not properly 
defined as a genus until 1766, must be replaced by the properly 
described Mariscus [Haller] Zinn (1757). 
It is somewhat surprising that practically all modern European 
students have failed to recognize the specifie differences which 
separate their common plant, Mariscus serratus Gilib.? (Schoenus 
Mariscus L., Cladium Mariscus Pohl) from the tropical American 
M. jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton (Cladium jamaicense Crantz., 
Schoenus Cladium Sw.) and the Hawaiian M. leptostachyus (Nees) 
Kuntze. Thus, in such works as Richter’s Plantae Europae, i. 144 
(1890) Schoenus Cladium Sw. of Jamaica and its synonyms, S. 
effusus Sw. and Cladium occidentale R. € S., as well as thé Hawaiian 
C. leptostachyum Nees, are included without question as synonyms 
of the continental and northern European C. Mariscus (L.) R. Br.; 
and in their discriminating notes on the nomenclature of European 
plants Schinz € Thellung (l. c.) take up for the European species the 
name M. Cladium (Sw.) Kuntze, based upon the Jamaican Schoenus 
Cladium and carrying the synonyms S. jamaicensis Crantz and 
Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) E. Janchen; and the late C. B. Clarke,* 
1 Crantz, Inst. i. 362 (1766). 
? Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 74 (1806). 
3 Gilib. Exercitia Phyt. ii. 512 (1792). This work is so rare that apparently there 
i$ no copy in America. Gilibert's account, for which I am indebted to the kindness 
of Dr. Arthur W. Hill, Director of the Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, was as follows: 
“*19. Mariscus serratus. 
Radix repens. Culmi quatuorpedales. Folia margine dorsoque aculeata. Flores 
paniculato-ramosi; calycis glumae paleaceae, fasciculatim congestae; corolla nulla: 
semen unum, subrotundum, inter glumas. 
Schoenus mariscus L. non rara in paludosis locis, circa Grodnam Jeziory, & alibi; 
florens julio: perennis. Lugdunea. Protectis tegendis loco straminis inservire potest: 
sero crescit; paludes replet; insulas natantes constituit." 
4 Clarke iv Urban, Symb. Antill. ii. 134 (1900). 
