1923] Fernald,—The Sand Cherries of eastern America 71 
Cerasus canadensis pumila of Duhamel! Duhamel’s description 
gives little information but the fuller account by Miller (also cited 
by Linnaeus) states that the shrub is at least “Three or four feet 
high.’ It is thus clear that P. pumila is the upright narrow-leaved 
shrub so characteristic of the Great Lake region. 
The western range of Prunus depressa is not yet determined. It 
reaches the Ottawa valley and in the Connecticut system extends 
south into Franklin County, Massachusetts.  Torrey's Cerasus 
pumila with “Stem trailing, 2-3 feet long,”* from Lake Champlain 
and the Hudson may belong here but all the specimens seen from the 
Champlain Valley in Vermont are P. cuneata. Here apparently 
belongs the shrub of the sandy shore of Long Lake in the Adirondacks, 
described by Peck* as “the prostrate trailing" P. pumila; and the 
shrub of the flats of the Delaware River is clearly P. depressa, as 
Porter's description of the two Pennsylvanian species indicates: 
“One [P. pumila]? [i. e. P. depressa] grows on the islands and flats 
of the Delaware, which are composed of gravel and cobblestone 
drift washed bare by the floods, and are treeless. Here it grows, 
sending out on all sides strong prostrate branches, often as thick as 
a man's arm, which form flat patches six feet or more in diameter. 
The branches are so close together that they hold the fine sand and 
mud and create low mounds or hillocks, and in the proper season 
the spaces between them are black with the fruit. "The other [P. 
cuneata]? occurs in southeastern Pennsylvania on the borders of 
swamps and remote from river bottoms. It is strictly erect and 
attains the height of four feet.?”” 
In studying the descriptions of the various Sand Cherries it has 
become apparent that Prunus susquehanae Willd. (1809) is the 
earliest and entirely valid name for the erect shrub with oblong to 
oblong-obovate leaves which was described in 1820 by Rafinesque 
as P. cuncata. Under the latter name this species is thus well described 
by Bailey: “The leaves are short and usually blunt, obovate, spatulate 
or when full grown sometimes elliptic-ovate, . . . the teeth few 
1 Duham. Traité des Arbres et Arbustes i. 149 (1755). 
? Mill. Fig. Pl. i. 60, t. 89. fig. 2 (1760). 
3 Torr. Fl. N. Y. i. 195 (1843). 
1 Peck, 34th Aun. Rep. State Mus. N. Y. 53 (1891). 
5 Name inserted in quotation by L. H. Bailey. 
$ Name inserted in quotation by L. H. Bailey. 
1 Porter as quoted by Bailey, The Cultivated Native Plums and Cherries, 64 (1892). 
