1923]  Wiegand,— Triosteum perfoliatum and related Species — 201 
by the summation of the characters given and not by any one char- 
acter. It has not been possible to interpret the numerous names 
proposed by Rafinesque.! 
a. Sepals finely and for the most part evenly and densely pu- 
bescent; flowers 2-6 at each node; corolla pale- to deep- 
purple, 8-15 (-17) mm. long, densely and often crisply 
puberulent, more or less glandular; pubescence of the 
stem various; leaves narrowly to broadly ovate-oblong, 
finely strigose or subglabrate above with hairs which 
when present are 1 mm. long or usually less. 
b. Leaves velvety beneath. 
c. Cauline hairs 1.5 mm. long or less, the majority very 
short and glandular. 
d. Middle leaves usually perfoliate, densely velvety be- 
neath; stem usually crisp-pubescent, often densely 
so; calyx-segments usually narrow (in flower 0.9-2.0 
mm. wide, averaging 1.4 mm.), very acute; corolla 
pale, firm, the mouth 5-6 (-7) mm. in diam., 
usually not flaring; style usually exserted as much as 
1.5-3.0 mm. . T. perfoliatum. 
d. Middle and other leaves usually not “perfoliate, gener- 
ally less velvety ; stem usually villous; calyx-segments 
generally broader (in flower 1.5-2.8 mm. wide, aver- 
aging 2.0 mm.), obtuse or acute, generally more 
purple; corolla generally brighter and more purple, 
often thinner, the mouth 7-9 mm. in diam., usually 
more flaring; style rarely exserted............. var. aurantiacum. 
c. Cauline hairs 1.5-2.5 mm. long, nearly all of the long 
"type; sepals with some marginal bristles; setae on 
upper surface of leaves up to 1 mm. long; approaching 
T. "ngustfolum coco o que anes var. illinoense. 
b. Leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath, not perfoliate; 
pubescence of calyx and corolla generally as in var. 
aurantiacum; sepals usually acute.................. var. glaucescens. 
a. Sepals hispid-ciliate, otherwise sparingly short-hispid or 
glabrous; flowers usually 2 at each node; corolla pale, 14-18 
mm. long, loosely villous, slightly glandular, the lobes large 
and broad; stem setose-hispid, the hairs nearly all long 
(longest hairs 1.5-2.8 mm. long); leaves lanceolate to ob- 
lanceolate, distinctly hispid-strigose above with hairs 0.8-1.8 
mm. long, not perfoliate. 
b. Leaves glabrous beneath or strigose on the nerves; lobes of 
the corolla broad..............-: Se 205 208 EET T. angustifolium. 
b. Leaves velvety beneath; the blade slightly broader and 
less acuminate; lobes of the corolla oblong; sepals more 
generally obtuse..;....... sei e opo a mera obs var. Éamesü. 
1. T. PErFOLIATUM L. Sp. Pl. 176 (1753). T. majus Michx. Fl. 
Bor.-Am, i. 107 (1803). Rocky woodland and open scrubby places 
in light "eo: Massachusetts to the District of Columbia, in the 
mountains to North Carolina, and westward from Indiana and 
Tennessee to Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska. This is 
apparently a plant of the less rich and lighter, scarcely calcareous 
soils of the eastern slope of the Alleghany Mountains and of the 
! New Flora of North America ii. 35-37 (1836). 
