1924] Penland,—Notes on North American Scutellarias 63 
best to confine attention to North American material, exclusive of 
Mexico. 
Interestingly enough, the sections earlier adopted in classification 
are, with a few exceptions, confirmed by the reproductive characters. 
Briquet, following the work of Gray, was evidently the first to expand 
on the more conservative, and therefore more reliable reproductive 
characters, to indicate taxonomically the natural relationships. 
The presence or absence of a membranaceous wing does not establish 
Diagram 1. Showing relation of species of Scutellaria. (Forms with 
winged nutlets are in the circle.) 
generic differences, as indicated by Bentham, for at least three well 
defined American species of the genus have this wing. It is also well 
to remark here that the two sheets referred to Perilomia (P. ocymoides) 
which are found in the Gray Herbarium do not have the winged 
achenia attributed to the genus. Apparently, therefore, we have 
double evidence as justification for the discard of this character as 
a generic distinction. However, the membranaceous wing is important 
within the genus Scutellaria and might afford a basis for the first 
division into component parts in an artificial key. 
It is believed that even this nutlet-character is artificial, since it 
apparently has been secondarily acquired, appearing as it does in 
several different groups. It seems beyond a doubt, that Scutellaria 
