1924] Some new Cladonias 145 
SOME NEW CLADONIAS. 
C. A. RoBBINs. 
In June, 1923, the writer sent a collection of Cladonias from Ware- 
ham, Massachusetts, to H. Sandstede, the eminent German Cladonio- 
logist, for examination. Some of the material he, in turn, sent to Dr. 
Wainio. The final report has been received and it is of interest to 
note that the lot yielded a new species, a new form, and two new 
modifications. These should be recorded and it seems advisable to 
record also certain other plants, hitherto undescribed, some of which 
belong with them. All are more or less common throughout the 
Buzzards Bay region and hence it appears likely that some or all of 
them will be found in other localities. 
Dr. Wainio's comments upon the two new plants named by him 
are relative to the exhaustive analyses of Cladonia species as worked 
out by him in his Monographia Cladoniarum, particularly in volumes 
one and two. As the comments in themselves furnish little help 
to the collector in determining the plants, descriptions are added, 
together with a statement of the differences between each plant and 
related species or forms which, it is hoped, will make identification 
possible. 
1. CLADONIA Clavulifera Wainio, sp. nov., affinis Cl. mitrulae Tuck. 
sed apotheciis parvis, furcis et podetiis subcontinuis corticatis (KOH 
non reagentibus) ab ea differens textura podetiorum, a Cl. alpicola 
var. Karelica Wain. distinguitur. 
The species belongs with the club-shaped Cladonias. The primary 
squamules are persistent or disappearing, 3-10 mm. long, irregularly 
lobed or incised, esorediate; podetia 5-35 mm. long, 1-5 mm. 
in diameter, club-shaped, erect, the sides entire or often termin- 
ated by apothecia, simple or basally branched, usually somewhat 
digitately short-branched at the tips; cortex continuous to areolate, 
smooth, rugose, or somewhat warty, esorediate, esquamulose, or spar- 
inglv squamulose toward the base, glaucescent to subolivaceous; 
apothecia brown to brownish-black. 
In clusters or colonies; on sand and sandy loam; often in old fields 
and open woods. Among our New England Cladonias the species is 
perhaps nearest in appearance to Cl. subcariosa (Nyl.) Wainio. The 
latter, however, is KOH red. It might also be confused with Cl. 
cariosa (Ach.) Spreng., var. corticata Wainio. That plant differs in 
1 According to Wainio's subdivision of Cladonia species, var. — varietas constantior; 
f. = forma autogenetica inconstans; m. = modificatio inconstans statione producta. 
